ENERGETSKA POLITIKA

Cilj poglavlja

Cilj ovog poglavlja je upoznati osnovne političke mehanizme koji utječu na energetiku Hrvatske i Europe.

Svrha poglavlja

Nakon završetka ovog poglavlja, trebali biste moći:

1. Razumjeti geopolitički kontekst u kojem se nalazi Hrvatska kao zemlja tranzicije.
2. Razumjeti važnost i probleme sigurnosti dobave energije.
3. Razumjeti utjecaj cijene energenata na konkurentnost proizvodnje.
4. Razumjeti logiku restrukturiranja i liberalizacije tržišta, te smisao privatizacije.

Uvod

• Implozija drugog svijeta (socijalističkog bloka) 1989.

• Opcije su priključenje prvom svijetu (kapitalističkom bloku) ili izolacija i autarhija

• ideološko priključenje - demokracija

• ekonomsko priključenje - slobodno tržište

• vojno priključenje - zajednička sigurnost

• Zemlje u tranziciji su:

• Centralna i istočna Europa (CEEC): Češka, Estonija, Latvija, Litva, Mađarska, Poljska, Slovačka, Slovenija

• Jugoistočna Europa (SEE): Bugarska, Rumunjska

• Jugoistočna Europa - Zapadni Balkan (SEE-WB): Albanija, Crna Gora, Bosna i Hercegovina, Hrvatska, Kosovo, Makedonija, Srbija

• Istočna Europa i Centralna Azija (EECA): Armenija, Azerbejdžan, Belarus, Gruzija, Kazakhstan, Kirgistan, Moldova, Rusija, Tadžikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukrajina, Uzbekistan

• Mongolija

Slika 1. Usporedba GDP po stanovniku Portugala i Hrvatske, 1950. - 2006.	Slika 2. Pravi početak tranzicije u Hrvatskoj - 3. siječnja 2000.

"In fact, the post-communist variety of ethnic politics—made notorious by Mr Milosevic, but also practised in varying degrees by Croatian, Bosnian-Muslim and ethnic-Albanian power-brokers—is a specific strain of the nationalist virus. It appeared in many places where the Marxist system, with its windy slogans of unity and brotherhood, collapsed suddenly. In former Yugoslavia, as in the Caucasus, many ex-communist leaders found that fanning inter-ethnic passions provided a handy way to maintain their grip on economic and political life. After all, when a nation or ethnic group is “battling for survival”, literally or metaphorically, then its leaders can suppress dissent, and shrug off calls for a more open economy and society." The Economist

"Patriotism is a last refuge of a scoundrel", Samuel Johnson

"Ich liebe nicht den Staat, ich liebe meine Frau", Gustav Heinemann

Tranzicija i eurointegracije

Uvod

Proces tranzicije bivših komunističkih zemalja išao je kroz njihovo postepeno uključenje u zapadne institucije, te njihovu integraciju u glavne evroatlantske institucije. Neke su se od tih zemalja već gotovo u potpunosti integrirale, poput recimo Slovenije, neke su na sredini puta, poput Hrvatske, a neke još nisi niti krenule u taj proces, poput većine bivših sovjetskih republika.

Crvenim su označene promjene u odnosu na prošlogodišnje predavanje.

Organizacija za sigurnost i suradnju

Organizacija za sigurnost i suradnju - Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe - OSCE - osnovana kao organizacija za suradnju između dvaju blokova - 56 članica - 28 zemalja u tranziciji - Hrvatska je članica od 1992.

Vijeće Europe

Vijeće Europe - Council of Europe - organizacija demokratskih zemalja Europe - preduvjet demokratizacija - 47 članica - 22 zemlje u tranziciji - Hrvatska je članica od 1996.
	Slika 3. Vijeće Europe - potvrda demokratičnosti

Partnerstvo za mir

Partnerstvo za mir - Partnership for Peace - vojna suradnja zemalja tranzicije te neutralnih zemalja Europe s NATO-om - 24 članica (23, 2007) - 18 zemalja u tranziciji - Hrvatska je članica od 2000.
	Slika 4. Članstvo u Euroatlantic Partnership Council, čiji je Partnerstvo za mir dio - putu prema NATO-u

Svjetska trgovinska organizacija

Svjetska trgovinska organizacija - World Trade Organization - multilateralni sporazum o međunarodnoj trgovini - 153 članica (151, 2007) - 19 zemalja u tranziciji (18, 2007) - Hrvatska je članica od 2000.

Suradnja s EU

Suradnja s EU - Association Agreement / Stabilization and Association Agreement (SEE-WB) / European Neighbourhood Policy / Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (EECA) - ekonomska i tehnološka suradnja s EU - 3 E/AA - 2 zemlje u tranziciji - 2 (SAA za Hrvatsku je stupio na snagu 2005) SAA - 5 ENP - 5 PCA/TCA - sve zemlje u tranziciji

• Hrvatska je pridružena članica EU od početka 2005.

• Makedonija je pridružena članica EU od 2004.

• Albanija je potpisala SAA 2006., čime je privremeni sporazum (IA) stupio na snagu, a pridruženo članstvo čeka ratifikaciju 25 zemalja članica (Bugarska i Rumunjska su ušle nakon potpisivanja), Europskog parlamenta i Albanije

• Crna Gora je potpisala SAA 2007., čime je privremeni sporazum (IA) stupio na snagu, a pridruženo članstvo čeka ratifikaciju 27 zemalja članica, Europskog parlamenta i Crne Gore

• Bosna i Hercegovina je potpisala SAA 2008., čime je privremeni sporazum (IA) stupio na snagu, a pridruženo članstvo čeka ratifikaciju 27 zemalja članica, Europskog parlamenta i Bosne i Hercegovine

• Srbija je potpisala SAA 2008., čime je privremeni sporazum (IA) stupio na snagu, a pridruženo članstvo čeka ratifikaciju 27 zemalja članica, Europskog parlamenta i Srbije

• Ministarstvo vanjskih poslova i europskih integracija - Sporazum o stabilizaciji i pridruživanju

How important is regional cooperation? Chriss Patten: We are not trying in South East Europe to recreate Yugoslavia; we are not trying to put the jigsaw back together. What we are saying is that it is our experience in the EU that regional cooperation, political and economic cooperation is crucial. That is what the EU represents above all. So it would be amazing, truly surprising if the formula, which we believe works for us, was a formula which we declined to believe should be applied in SEE. Whether you are talking about energy, the electricity market, whether you are talking about trade, cooperation and fighting organized crime, the list goes on and on. There is a powerful argument for cooperating regionally and I very much hope that with the support of the Stability Pact as well as the support of the EC and the member states of the EU we will see better regional cooperation in the future. I am particularly concerned to see a maximum of cooperation in dealing with organized crime because I think that is a cancer, which could eat away the potential success of South East Europe. - Progress reports 2005 - Progress reports 2006 - Progress reports 2007 - Progress reports 2008
	Slika 5. Nivoi suradnje s EU ove godine. Balkan nije više crna rupa, ali nije još Europa.

Proces pristupanja NATO-u

Membership Action Plan - proces pristupanja NATO-u - preduvjet članstvo u PfP-u - 3 zemlje - 3 zemlje u tranziciji imaju MAP (Albanija, Hrvatska, Makedonija).

CEFTA

CEFTA - Central European Free Trade Area - organizacija slobodne trgovine reformskih tranzicijskih zemalja - preduvjet članstvo ili akcesija u WTO, pregovaranje pridruženog članstva EU i sklapanje ugovora o slobodnoj trgovini sa svim zemljama članicama - 8 članova - 8 zemalja u tranziciji - Hrvatska članica od 2003., a Makedonija od 2005. Nakon ulaska zemalja srednje Europe u EU 2004. i Rumunjske i Bugarske 2007., CEFTA-i se 2007. priključuju ostale zemlje jugoistočne Europe te Kosovo (UNMIK), slike 6 i 7.

Slika 6. Bivše do 2004. (Poljska, Češka, Slovačka, Mađarska, Slovenija), bivše do 2007. (Rumunjska, Bugarska), stare (Hrvatska, Makedonija) i nove (Albanija, Bosna i Hercegovina, Crna Gora, Moldova, Kosovo, Srbija) članice Central European Free Trade Area		Slika 7. Kamo ide CEFTA?

Akcesija u EU

Akcesija u EU - Accession to European Union - proces pristupanja EU - preduvjet članstvo u Vijeću Europe te Association agreement - 3 zemlje u akcesiji (Hrvatska, Turska i Makedonija) - 2 zemlje u tranziciji - Hrvatska je u akcesiji od 2004 - Makedonija je kandidat od 2005. Prvi val petog proširenja od 10 zemalja primljen je 2004. (Estonija, Litva, Latvija, Poljska, Češka, Slovačka, Slovenija, Madžarska, Malta i Cipar). Drugi i završni val petog proširenja je 2007. u koju su uključene Rumunjska i Bugarska.
	Slika 8. Članice EU i one koje će to tek postati.

Slika 8. (1998) i Slika 9. (2006-2009) Godišnji transferi EU zemljama u vrijeme akcesije, SAPARD za poljoprivredu, ISPA za okoliš i transport. Uz to je postojao i generalni program Phare. Sve programe zamjenjuje IPA od 2007.

OECD

OECD - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development - organizacija razvijenih zemalja - preduvjet članstvo u WTO - 30 članica - 4 zemlje u tranziciji - Hrvatska nije članica. In May 2007, OECD countries agreed to invite Chile, Estonia, Israel, Russia and Slovenia to open discussions for membership of the Organisation and offered enhanced engagement, with a view to possible membership, to Brazil, China, India, Indonesia and South Africa.

NATO

NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organisation - Sjevernoatlantski savez - američko-europski vojni savez zemalja prvog svijeta - 26 članica - 10 zemalja u tranziciji - Hrvatska će postati članica, zajedno s Albanijom, 1.1.2009.
	Slika 10. Širenje NATO-a na istok. Sljedeći krug širenja 1.1.2009. Hrvatska i Albanija.

Europska Unija

Europska Unija - European Union - EU - Unija zemalja Europe - 27 članica - 10 zemalja u tranziciji - Europska Unija je 7. najveća država u svijetu po površini, 3. po stanovništvu i 1. po BDP-u

Slika 11. Širenje EU - aritmetika moći novih i starih članova.

Tablica 1. Tranzicija prema Zapadu.

Crveno - promjena situacije od prošlogodišnjeg predavanja.
Zeleno - prestanak članstva zbog prelaska u višu razinu integracije: Pfp > NATO, AA > AP

Zemlja	OSCE	CE	PfP	WTO	AA ENP/PCA/TCA SAA (IA)	CEFTA	EU ''''Aplikacija/ Početak pregovora/ chapters opened/ chapters closed/ Akcesija/EURO	OECD	NATO
Albanija	1991	1995	1994	2000	(2006)	2007	-	-	Akcesija
Armenija	1992	2001	1994	2003	1999	-	-	-	-
Azerbejdžan	1992	2001	1994	promatrač	1999	-	-	-	-
Belarus	1992	-	1995	promatrač	pregovori	-	-	-	-
Bosna i Hercegovina	1992	2002	2006	promatrač	(2008)	2007	-	-	-
Bugarska	1973	1992	1994	1996	1993	1999	1995/2000/31/31/2007	-	2004
Crna Gora	2006	-	2006	promatrač	(2007)	2007	-	-	-
Češka	1993	1993	1994	1995	1993	1993	1996/1998/31/31/2004	1995	1999
Estonija	1991	1993	1994	1999	1995	-	1995/1998/31/31/2004	pregovori	2004
Gruzija	1992	1999	1994	2000	1999	-	-	-	-
Hrvatska	1992	1996	2000	2000	2005	2003	2003/2005/21/4/	-	Akcesija
Kazakstan	1992	-	1994	promatrač	1999	-	-	-	-
Kirgistan	1992	-	1994	1998	1999	-	-	-	-
Kosovo	-	-	-	-	-	2007	-	-	-
Latvija	1991	1995	1994	1999	1995	-	1995/2000/31/31/2004	-	2004
Litva	1991	1993	1994	2001	1995	-	1995/2000/31/31/2004	-	2004
Mađarska	1973	1990	1994	1995	1991	1992	1994/1998/31/31/2004	1996	1999
Makedonija	1995	1995	1995	2003	2004	2005	2004///	-	MAP
Moldova	1992	1995	1994	2001	1998	2007	-	-	-
Mongolija	-	-	-	1997	1993	-	-	-	-
Poljska	1973	1991	1994	1995	1991	1992	1994/1998/31/31/2004	1996	1999
Rumunjska	1973	1993	1994	1995	1993	1997	1995/2000/31/31/2007	-	2004
Rusija	1973	1996	1994	promatrač	1997	-	-	pregovori	-
Slovačka	1993	1993	1994	1995	1993	1993	1995/2000/31/31/2004	2000	2004
Slovenija	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1996	1996/1998/31/31/2004/€2007	pregovori	2004
Srbija	2000	2003	2006	promatrači	(2008)	2007	-	-	-
Tadžikistan	1992	-	2002	promatrač	(2005)	-	-	-	-
Turkmenistan	1992	-	1994	-	pregovori	-	-	-	-
Ukrajina	1992	1995	1994	(2008)	1998	-	-	-	-
Uzbekistan	1992	-	1994	promatrač	1999	-	-	-	-

Tablica 2. Rang lista trkača prema Zapadu.

Crveno - promjena situacije od prošlogodišnjeg predavanja.
Članstvo u OSCE 1 bod.
Članstvo u CE 2 boda.
Članstvo u PfP 2 boda (1 bod za članstvo u EAPC).
Članstvo u WTO 4 boda (1 bod proces učlanjivanja, 2 za potpisivanje sporazuma).
AA ili SAA 4 boda, PCA 2 boda, IA 1 bod.
Članstvo u CEFTA-i 4 boda.
Accession Partnership bodovi prema broju zatvorenih poglavlja. Euro +10.
Članstvo u OECD-u 5 bodova (pregovori 1 bod)
Članstvo u NATO-u 5 bodova (1 bod za MAP, 2 za akcesiju).
Poredak se u 1999-2000. računao prema nešto drugačijim uvjetima.

Poredak	Zemlja	OSCE	CE	PfP	WTO	AA, SAA, PCA, IA	CEFTA	Akcesija EU	OECD	NATO	total	Poredak
												2007	2006	2005	2004	2003	2002	2001	2000	1999
1.	Slovenija	1	2	2	4	4	4	73+10€	1	5	106	1.	5.	5.	5.	5.	5.	5.	4.	4.
2.	Mađarska	1	2	2	4	4	4	73	5	5	100	2.	1.	1.	1.	1.	1.	1.	1.	1.
3.	Češka	1	2	2	4	4	4	73	5	5	100	3.	2.	2.	2.	2.	2.	3.	3.	3.
4.	Poljska	1	2	2	4	4	4	73	5	5	100	4.	3.	3.	3.	3.	3.	2.	2.	2.
5.	Slovačka	1	2	2	4	4	4	73	5	5	100	5.	4.	4.	4.	4.	4.	4.	6.	6.
6.	Bugarska	1	2	2	4	4	4	73	-	5	95	6.	9.	9.	9.	9.	9.	7.	7.	7.
7.	Rumunjska	1	2	2	4	4	4	73	-	5	95	7.	10.	10.	10.	10.	10.	6.	5.	5.
8.	Estonija	1	2	2	4	4	-	73	1	5	92	10.	8.	8.	8.	8.	8.	8.	8.	8.
9.	Latvija	1	2	2	4	4	-	73	-	5	91	8.	6.	6.	6.	6.	6.	9.	9.	9.
10.	Litva	1	2	2	4	4	-	73	-	5	91	9.	7.	7.	7.	7.	7.	10.	10.	10.
11.	Hrvatska	1	2	2	4	4	4	4	-	2	23	11.	11.	11.	11.	11.	14.	14.	23.	24.
12.	Makedonija	1	2	2	4	4	4	-	-	1	18	12.	12.	12.	12.	15.	20.	20.	16.	17.
13.	Albanija	1	2	2	4	1	4	-	-	2	16	14.	16.	16.	16.	16.	13.	13.	17.	13.
14.	Moldova	1	2	2	4	2	4	-	-	-	15	13.	14.	14.	14.	13.	12.	15.	13.	14.
15.	Gruzija	1	2	2	4	2	-	-	-	-	11	15.	13.	13.	13.	12.	11.	11.	15.	16.
16.	Armenija	1	2	2	4	2	-	-	-	-	11	16.	15.	15.	15.	14.	18.	18.	18.	19.
17.	Crna Gora	1	2	2	1	1	4	-	-	-	11	17.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
18.	Bosna i Hercegovina	1	2	2	1	1	4	-	-	-	11	18.	26.	26.	26.	25.	25.	25.	25.	25.
19.	Srbija	1	2	2	1	1	4	-	-	-	11	19.	27.	27.	27.	26.	27.	27.	27.	27.
20.	Ukrajina	1	2	2	4	2	-	-	-	-	11	22.	19.	19.	19.	19.	17.	17.	14.	15.
21.	Kirgistan	1	-	2	4	2	-	-	-	-	9	20.	17.	17.	17.	17.	15.	12.	11.	11.
22.	Rusija	1	2	2	1	2	-	-	1	-	9	21.	18.	18.	18.	18.	16.	16.	12.	12.
23.	Azerbejdžan	1	2	2	1	2	-	-	-	-	8	23.	20.	20.	20.	20.	19.	19.	21.	22.
24.	Kazakstan	1	-	2	1	2	-	-	-	-	6	24.	21.	21.	21.	21.	21.	21.	19.	20.
25.	Uzbekistan	1	-	2	1	2	-	-	-	-	6	25.	22.	22.	22.	22.	22.	22.	20.	21.
26.	Mongolija	-	-	-	4	1	-	-	-	-	5	26.	23.	23.	23.	-	-	-	-	-
27.	Tadžikistan	1	-	2	1	1	-	-	-	-	5	27.	25.	25.	25.	24.	24.	26.	26.	26.
28.	Belarus	1	-	2	1	-	-	-	-	-	4	28.	24.	24.	24.	23.	23.	23.	22.	18.
29.	Kosovo	-	-	-	-	-	4	-	-	-	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
30.	Turkmenistan	1	-	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	3	29.	28.	28.	28.	27.	26.	24.	24.	23.

Strukturne reforme

• privatizacija
• restrukturiranje (zatvaranje nerentabilnih poduzeća i otpuštanje viška radnika)
• liberalizacija cijena
• liberalizacija trgovanja devizama (forex)
• antimonopolna politika
• reforma banaka i ostalih financijskih institucija

Slika 12. Privatizacija - udio privatnog vlasništva u stvaranju GDP-a, 2006, EBRD

Slika 13. Udio privatnog vlasništva u stvaranju GDP-a i udio javnog sektora u GDP-u, 2003, EBRD

Slika 14. Progres u tranziciji, EBRD, 2001 Transition Report

Tablica 3. Global Competitiveness Index, World Economic Forum, 2008

Crveno - zemlje u tranziciji

Purpurno - nove članice EU (EU27)

Plavo - stare članice EU (EU15)

Global Competitiveness Index 2006 and 2005 comparisons
	GCI	GCI	GCI
Country/Economy	2008 Rank	2008 Score	2007 Rank		Changes 2007-2008
United States	1	5.74	1		0
Switzerland	2	5.61	2		0
Denmark	3	5.58	3		0
Sweden	4	5.53	4		0
Singapore	5	5.53	7		2
Finland	6	5.50	0		0
Germany	7	5.46	5		-2
Netherlands	8	5.41	10		2
Japan	9	5.38	8		-1
Canada	10	5.37	13		3
Hong Kong SAR	11	5.33	12		1
United Kingdom	12	5.30	9		-3
Korea, Rep.	13	5.28	11		-2
Austria	14	5.23	15		1
Norway	15	5.22	16		1
France	16	5.22	18		2
Taiwan, China	17	5.22	14		-3
Australia	18	5.20	19		1
Belgium	19	5.14	20		1
Iceland	20	5.05	23		3
Malaysia	21	5.04	21		0
Irealand	22	4.99	22		0
Israel	23	4.97	17		-6
New Zealand	24	4.93	24		0
Luxembourg	25	4.85	25		0
Qatar	26	4.83	31		5
Saudi Arabia	27	4.72	35		8
Chile	28	4.72	26		-2
Spain	29	4.72	29		0
China	30	4.70	34		4
United Arab Emirates	31	4.68	37		6
Estonia	32	4.67	27		-5
Czech Republic	33	4.62	33		0
Thailand	34	4.60	28		-6
Kuwait	35	4.58	30		-5
Tunisia	36	4.58	32		-4
Bahrain	37	4.57	43		6
Oman	38	4.55	42		4
Brunei Darussalam	39	4.54	-		-
Cyprus	40	4.53	55		15
Puerto Rico	41	4.51	36		-4
Slovenia	42	4.50	39		-2
Portugal	43	4.47	40		-3
Lithuania	44	4.45	38		-6
South Africa	45	4.41	44		-1
Slovak Republic	46	4.40	41		-5
Barbados	47	4.40	50		3
Jordan	48	4.37	49		1
Italy	49	4.35	46		-3
India	50	4.33	48		-2
Russian Federation	51	4.31	58		7
Malta	52	4.31	56		4
Poland	53	4.28	51		-2
Latvia	54	4.26	45		-9
Indonesia	55	4.26	54		-1
Botswana	56	4.25	76		20
Mauritius	57	4.25	60		3
Panama	58	4.24	59		1
Costa Rica	59	4.23	63		4
Mexico	60	4.23	52		-8
Croatia	61	4.22	57		-4
Hungary	62	4.22	47		-15
Turkey	63	4.15	53		-10
Brazil	64	4.13	72		8
Montenegro	65	4.11	82		17
Kazakhstan	66	4.11	61		-5
Greece	67	4.11	65		-2
Romania	68	4.10	74		6
Azerbaijan	69	4.10	66		-3
Vietnam	70	4.10	68		-2
Philippines	71	4.09	71		0
Ukraine	72	4.09	73		-1
Morocco	73	4.08	64		-9
Colombia	74	4.05	69		-5
Uruguay	75	4.04	75		0
Bulgaria	76	4.03	79		3
Sri Lanka	77	4.02	70		-7
Syria	78	3.99	80		2
El Salvador	79	3.99	67		-12
Namibia	80	3.99	89		9
Egypt	81	3.98	77		-4
Honduras	82	3.98	83		1
Peru	83	3.95	86		3
Guatemala	84	3.94	87		3
Serbia	85	3.90	91		6
Jamaica	86	3.89	78		-8
Gambia	87	3.88	102		15
Argentina	88	3.87	85		-3
Macedonina, FYR	89	3.87	94		5
Georgia	90	3.86	90		0
Lybia	91	3.85	88		-3
Trinidad and Tobago	92	3.85	84		-8
Kenya	93	3.84	99		6
Nigeria	94	3.81	95		1
Moldova	95	3.75	97		2
Senegal	96	3.73	100		4
Armenia	97	3.73	93		-4
Dominican Republic	98	3.72	96		-2
Algeria	99	3.71	81		-18
Mongolia	100	3.65	101		1
Pakistan	101	3.65	92		-9
Ghana	102	3.62	-		-
Suriname	103	3.58	113		10
Ecuador	104	3.58	103		-1
Venezuela	105	3.56	98		-7
Benin	106	3.56	108		2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	107	3.56	106		-1
Albania	108	3.55	109		1
Cambodia	109	3.53	110		1
Cote d'Ivoire	110	3.51	-		-
Bangladesh	111	3.51	107		-4
Zambia	112	3.49	122		10
Tanzania	113	3.49	104		-9
Cameroon	114	3.48	116		2
Guayana	115	3.47	126		11
Tajikistan	116	3.46	117		1
Mali	117	3.43	115		-2
Bolivia	118	3.42	105		-13
Malawi	119	3.42	-		-
Nicaragua	120	3.41	111		-9
Ethiopia	121	3.41	123		2
Kyrgyz Republic	122	3.40	119		-3
Leshoto	123	3.40	124		1
Paraguay	124	3.40	121		-3
Madagascar	125	3.38	118		-7
Nepal	126	3.37	114		-12
Burkina Faso	127	3.36	112		-15
Uganda	128	3.35	120		-8
Timor-Leste	129	3.15	127		-2
Mozambique	130	3.15	128		-2
Mauritania	131	3.14	125		-6
Burundi	132	2.98	130		-2
Zimbabwe	133	2.88	129		-4
Chad	134	2.85	131		-3

Credit rating

Tablica 5. Credit rating zemalja u tranziciji, stanje 11. prosinca 2006. (Moody’s), 3. prosinca 2007. (S&P)

Crveno - junk bond rating.
Crno - investment rating.
Svaki znak ˇ znači downgrade za jedan nivo.
Svaki znak ^ znači upgrade za jedan nivo.
Moody’s (Aaa, Aa1, Aa2, Aa3, A1, A2, A3, Baa1, Baa2, Baa3, Ba1, Ba2, Ba3, B1, B2, B3, Caa1, Caa2, Caa3, Ca, C).
Standard & Poor (AAA, AA+, AA, AA-, A+, A, A-, BBB+, BBB, BBB-, BB+, BB, BB-, B+, B, B-, C, SD).

Zemlja	Moody’s		S&P
Albanija	B12007	17	-	-
Armenija	Ba22006	15	-	-
Azerbejdžan	Ba12006	14	-	-
Belarus	B12007	17	2008ˇˇ2007B+	18
Bosna i Hercegovina	B2^2006-2003	21	-	-
Bugarska	Baa3^2005^2004^^2003^2001	11	2008ˇ2006^2005^2004^2003^2002^2001^2000^BBB	9
Crna Gora	Ba22008	15	2007^2004BB+	13
Češka	A1^^^2002	2	2007^A	2
Estonija	A1^^^2002	2	2004^2001^A	2
Gruzija	-	-	2008ˇ2005B+	18
Hrvatska	Baa3	11	2004^BBB	9
Kazakstan	Baa2^2006^^2002^^2001	10	2003^^2001^2000^BBB-	11
Kirgistan	-	-	-	-
Kosovo	-	-	-	-
Latvija	A3ˇ2008^^^2002	7	2008ˇˇ2007ˇ2004^2002^BBB-	11
Litva	A2^2006^2003^^^2002	5	2008ˇˇ2005^2003^2002^^BBB+	6
Mađarska	A3ˇ2008ˇ2007^^2002^2000^1999	7	2006ˇ2000^1999^BBB+	6
Makedonija	-	-	2005^2004BB+	13
Moldova	Caa1^^^2003ˇˇˇ2002ˇ2001ˇ1999	23	-	-
Mongolija	B1	17	2008^2007^BB-	16
Poljska	A2^^2002^^1999	5	2007^2000^1999^A-	5
Rumunjska	Baa3^2006^^2004^2003^2002^2001	11	2008ˇ2005^2004^2003^2002^2001^^BB+	13
Rusija	Baa1^2008^2005^^2004^2002^^^2001	9	2007^2005^2004^2003^2002^^2001^^2000^^BBB+	6
Slovačka	A1^2006^2004^^^2002^2001	2	2005^2004^2003^2002^2001^A	2
Slovenija	Aa2^2006^^2002^2000	1	2006^2003^2002^AA	1
Srbija	-	-	2005^2004BB-	16
Tadžikistan	-	-	-	-
Turkmenistan	B22003	21	-	-
Ukrajina	B1^2003^^2001ˇ1999	17	2008ˇˇ2004^^B	20
Uzbekistan	-	-	-	-

Makroekonomski pokazatelji

	1997 1998 1999 2001 2003
Slika 15. Nominalni GDP/stan, 2008, USD, World Bank]

	2000 2001 2003
Slika 16. Realni rast GDP-a, 2008, %, World Bank

	1997 2000 2005
Slika 17. Nezaposlenost, 2007, %, EBRD

	1998 1999 2000
Slika 18. Prosječna bruto mjesečna plaća, sredina 2005, USD, UNECE

	FDI Stock 1997 1998 2000
Slika 19. Netto strane investicije 1999-2004, milijarde USD, World Bank

	FDI Stock/Capita 1999 - 2000 FDI Inflows/Capita 2003
Slika 20. Direktne strane investicije 2004, USD/cap, World Bank

	1999 2000
Slika 21. Stanje oporavka od tranzicije, odnos GDP 2006 i 1989, EBRD

Usporedbe

Tablica 6. Index of Economic Freedom, 2009

Overall Rank	Country	Year	Overall Score	Business Freedom	Trade Freedom	Fiscal Freedom	Freedom from Gov't	Monetary Freedom	Investment Freedom	Financial Freedom	Property Rights	Freedom from Corruption	Labour Freedom
13	Estonia	2009	76.4	75.9	85.8	81.5	67.3	79.7	90	80	90	65	48.5
30	Lithuania	2009	70	82.4	85.8	87.6	65.3	75.8	70	80	50	48	54.6
31	Armenia	2009	69.9	83.7	86.4	90.0	89.7	77.8	70	70	35	30	66.3
32	Georgia	2009	69.8	86.6	80.6	86.8	74.6	70.9	70	60	35	34	99.4
36	Slovak Republic	2009	69.4	73.4	85.8	84.1	57.4	78.7	70	70	50	49	75.3
37	Czech Republic	2009	69.4	65.1	85.8	80.2	43.0	79.7	70	80	70	52	67.8
44	Hungary	2009	66.8	77.4	85.8	70.6	19.2	73.8	80	70	70	53	68.4
45	Latvia	2009	66.6	73.8	85.8	82.3	58.5	71.1	70	60	55	48	61.6
56	Bulgaria	2009	64.6	73.5	85.8	86.2	58.7	72.8	60	60	30	41	78.4
62	Albania	2009	63.7	67.0	75.8	92.8	75.6	79.6	70	70	30	29	47.2
65	Romania	2009	63.2	74.9	85.8	87.0	70.0	75.0	60	50	35	37	57.1
68	Slovenia	2009	62.9	84.5	85.8	62.9	38.4	78.6	60	50	60	66	42.8
74	Kyrgyz Republic	2009	61.8	75.3	87.6	93.4	74.9	71.5	50	50	25	21	69.5
78	Macedonia	2009	61.2	58.2	81.6	89.4	65.1	85.4	50	60	30	33	59.8
82	Poland	2009	60.3	53.7	85.8	69.0	42.2	80.8	60	60	50	42	59.8
83	Kazakhstan	2009	60.1	57.9	86.2	82.8	87.5	70.0	30	60	25	21	80.5
94	Montenegro	2009	58.2	68.7	80.2	89.1	45.3	78.9	40	50	40	33	57.2
99	Azerbaijan	2009	58.0	74.6	78.4	79.7	77.5	66.3	30	40	25	21	87.0
109	Serbia	2009	56.6	56.0	78.0	85.9	46.3	65.8	40	50	40	34	70.0
116	Croatia	2009	55.1	59.9	87.6	68.7	31.7	79.9	50	60	30	41	43.4
120	Moldova	2009	54.9	70.1	81.6	85.3	51.3	67.6	30	50	40	28	45.1
122	Tajikistan	2009	54.6	45.1	82.6	89.3	85.9	63.2	30	40	30	21	58.7
134	Bosnia and Herzegovina	2009	53.1	59.9	77.2	71.8	37.6	79.0	50	60	10	33	52.1
146	Russia	2009	50.8	54.0	60.8	78.9	70.6	65.5	30	40	25	23	60.0
148	Uzbekistan	2009	50.5	68.4	65.4	88.3	68.1	62.6	30	20	20	17	64.9
152	Ukraine	2009	48.8	40.5	84.0	77.0	39.0	68.1	30	40	30	27	52.4
167	Belarus	2009	45.0	63.7	67.2	79.4	30.9	66.8	20	10	20	21	70.8
159	Turkmenistan	2009	44.2	30.0	79.2	90.9	93.6	68.0	10	10	10	28	30.0

Tablica 7. Index of Economic Freedom, 1995-2009

Country	2009	2008	2007	2006	2005	2004	2003	2002	2001	2000	1999	1998	1997	1996	1995
Albania	63.7	62.4	61.4	60.3	57.8	58.5	56.8	56.8	56.6	53.6	53.4	53.9	54.8	53.8	49.7
Armenia	69.4	74.6	67.7	67.7	67	67	65.7	62.4	55.7	48.7	43	38.9	-
Azerbaijan	55.4	54	52.5	49.9	51.3	51	47.5	47.1	44.9	40.7	31.7	27.2	-
Belarus	47.4	48.5	45.3	41.6	33.9	37.8	34.1	37.8	35.3	37.9	40.8	41.7	41.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	54.7	56.9	49.5	43.9	40.1	33.6	34	40.5	24	28.8	-	-	-
Bulgaria	62.2	64.3	59.9	57.1	55.6	55.9	52.7	50.4	45	47.2	47.2	48.2	47.8
Croatia	55.3	56.2	52.5	52.9	52.5	50.8	52.7	52.7	54.6	53.2	47.8	46.6	-
Czech Republic	69.7	70	66.6	66.8	67.2	66.6	70.9	71.6	72.3	68.9	70.4	72.1	71.8
Estonia	78.1	75.9	76.6	79	79.4	79.5	79	74.2	75.8	72.6	71.2	67.4	65.2
Georgia	68.7	64.8	55.6	56.2	53.3	51.1	53.7	51.1	49.3	44.8	42.8	40.1	-
Hungary	66.2	67.1	63.4	63	63.3	64.6	67.3	66.4	59.8	58.8	58.4	58.9	58.2
Kazakhstan	60.4	61.2	51.1	47.3	50	50.2	48.1	47.5	44.8	39.1	-	-	-
Kyrgyz Republic	59.9	62.8	54.7	55.7	54.7	50.5	52.2	53.2	52.2	49	-	-	-
Latvia	68.2	69.2	63	66.2	65	64.3	64.9	63	63.3	62.4	61.9	54.6	-
Lithuania	72	73	69.5	70.9	68.2	67.2	65.7	63.3	62.8	60.9	56.3	47.4	-
Macedonia	60.8	60.7	55.6	55.2	54	53.2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Moldova	59.5	59.6	55.1	54.8	57.5	55.1	51	58.1	54	51.4	46.6	50.1	33
Mongolia	60.1	63.2	60.1	58	59.8	58.5	58.1	59.4	59.4	59	52.7	48.6	48.7
Poland	58.8	61.6	59	58.7	61.5	64.8	62.6	63	62.2	61.3	57.5	58.5	52.3
Romania	61.3	58.9	50.8	48.4	47.7	46	48.3	55.3	53.1	55.7	52.1	47.7	42.9
Russia	54	54.3	50.1	51.1	49.1	47.3	48	50.1	52.9	50.9	45.9	49.6	49.7
Slovak Republic	68.4	69.2	64.7	64.2	59.2	59.6	60.1	52.7	51.6	53.5	53.5	55.3	58.9
Slovenia	63.6	63.5	60.9	62.2	58.6	56.2	59.2	56.2	59.2	58.6	53.5	46.3	-
Tajikistan	56.9	55.8	49.9	44.8	43.1	44.2	44.8	42.9	39.2	39.2	-	-	-
Turkmenistan	42.5	43.9	43.7	46.2	47	41.3	40.9	36.8	34.7	33.6	-	-	-
Ukraine	53.3	55.5	53.7	51.8	49.7	45.4	46.1	47.4	42.9	39.7	40.6	34.5	33.7
Uzbekistan	52.6	50.4	44.2	39	38	36.7	34.9	35.5	30.7	29	-	-	-

Tablica 8. TI Corruption Perceptions Index, Transparency International, 2008

Crveno - zemlje u tranziciji
Roza - novih 12 članica EU, EU27
Plavo - zemlje članice EU, EU15

Country	2008 Country Rank	2008 CPI Score	2007 CPI Score
Denmark	1	9.3	9.4
Sweden	1	9.3	9.3
New Zealand	1	9.3	9.4
Singapore	4	9.2	9.3
Finland	5	9.0	9.4
Switzerland	5	9.0	9.0
Iceland	7	8.9	9.2
Netherlands	7	8.9	9.0
Australia	9	8.7	8.6
Canada	9	8.7	8.7
Luxembourg	11	8.3	8.4
Austria	9	8.1	8.1
Hong Kong	12	8.1	8.3
Germany	14	7.9	7.8
Norway	14	7.9	8.7
Ireland	16	7.7	7.5
United Kingdom	16	7.7	8.4
USA	18	7.3	7.2
Japan	18	7.3	7.5
Belgium	18	7.3	7.1
Saint Lucia	21	7.1	6.8
Barbados	22	7.0	6.9
France	23	7.3	7.3
Chile	23	6.9	7.0
Uruguay	23	6.9	6.7
Slovenia	26	6.7	6.6
Estonia	27	6.6	6.5
Spain	28	6.5	6.7
Qatar	28	6.5	6.0
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	28	6.5	6.1
Cyprus	31	6.4	5.3
Portugal	32	6.1	6.5
Israel	33	6.0	6.1
Dominica	33	6.0	5.6
United Arab Emirates	35	5.9	5.7
Botswana	36	5.8	5.4
Puerto Rico	36	5.8	2.1
Malta	36	5.8	5.8
Taiwan	39	5.7	5.7
South Korea	40	5.6	5.1
Mauritius	41	5.5	4.7
Oman	41	5.5	4.7
Macao	43	5.4	5.7
Bahrain	43	5.4	5.0
Bhutan	45	5.2	5.0
Czech Republic	45	5.2	5.2
Malaysia	47	5.1	5.1
Costa Rica	47	5.1	5.0
Hungary	47	5.1	5.3
Jordan	47	5.1	4.7
Cape Verde	47	5.1	4.9
Slovakia	52	5.0	4.9
Latvia	52	5.0	4.8
South Africa	54	4.9	5.1
Seychelles	55	4.8	4.5
Italy	55	4.8	5.2
Greece	57	4.7	4.6
Turkey	58	4.6	4.1
Lithuania	58	4.6	4.8
Poland	58	4.6	4.2
Namibia	61	4.5	4.5
Samoa	62	4.4	4.5
Croatia	62	4.4	4.1
Tunisia	62	4.4	4.2
Kuwait	65	4.3	4.3
Cuba	65	4.3	4.2
Ghana	67	3.9	3.7
Georgia	67	3.9	3.4
El Salvador	67	3.9	4.0
Romania	70	3.8	3.7
Colombia	70	3.8	3.8
Bulgaria	72	3.6	4.1
FYR Macedonia	72	3.6	3.3
Peru	72	3.6	3.5
Mexico	72	3.6	3.5
China	72	3.6	3.5
Suriname	72	3.6	3.5
Trinidad and Tobago	72	3.6	3.4
Swaziland	72	3.6	3.3
Burkina Faso	80	3.5	2.9
Brazil	80	3.5	3.5
Saudi Arabia	80	3.5	3.4
Thailand	80	3.5	3.3
Morocco	80	3.5	3.5
Senegal	85	3.4	3.6
Panama	85	3.4	3.2
Serbia	85	3.4	3.4
Montenegro	85	3.4	3.3
Madagascar	85	3.4	3.2
Albania	85	3.4	2.9
India	85	3.4	3.5
Algeria	92	3.2	3.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	92	3.2	3.3
Sri Lanka	92	3.2	3.2
Lesotho	92	3.2	3.3
Gabon	96	3.1	3.3
Mali	96	3.1	2.7
Jamaica	96	3.1	3.3
Guatemala	96	3.1	2.8
Benin	96	3.1	2.7
Kiribati	96	3.1	3.3
Tanzania	102	3.0	3.2
Lebanon	102	3.0	3.0
Rwanda	102	3.0	2.8
Dominican Republic	102	3.0	3.0
Bolivia	102	3.0	2.9
Dijobuti	102	3.0	2.9
Mongolia	102	3.0	3.0
Armenia	109	2.9	3.0
Belize	109	2.9	3.0
Argentina	109	2.9	2.9
Vanuatu	109	2.9	3.1
Solomon Islands	109	2.9	2.8
Moldova	109	2.9	2.8
Mauritania	115	2.8	2.6
Maldives	115	2.8
Niger	115	2.8	2.6
Malawi	115	2.8	2.7
Zambia	115	2.8	2.6
Egypt	115	2.8	2.9
Togo	121	2.7	2.3
Viet Nam	121	2.7	2.6
Nigeria	121	2.7	2.2
Sao Tome and Principe	121	2.7	2.7
Nepal	121	2.7	2.5
Indonesia	126	2.6	2.3
Honduras	126	2.6	2.5
Ethiopia	126	2.6	2.4
Uganda	126	2.6	2.8
Guyana	126	2.6	2.6
Libya	126	2.6	2.5
Eritrea	126	2.6	2.8
Mozambique	126	2.6	2.8
Nicaragua	134	2.5	2.6
Pakistan	134	2.5	2.4
Comoros	134	2.5	2.6
Ukraine	134	2.5	2.7
Paraguay	138	2.4	2.4
Liberia	138	2.4	2.1
Tonga	138	2.4	1.7
Yemen	141	2.3	2.5
Cameroon	141	2.3	2.4
Iran	141	2.3	2.5
Phillipines	141	2.3	2.5
Kazakhstan	145	2.2	2.1
Timor-Leste	145	2.2	2.6
Syria	147	2.1	2.4
Bangladesh	147	2.1	2.0
Russia	147	2.1	2.3
Kenya	147	2.1	2.1
Laos	151	2.0	1.9
Ecuador	151	2.0	2.1
Papua New Guinea	151	2.0	2.0
Tajikistan	151	2.0	2.1
Central African Republic	151	1.9	2.0
Cote d’Ivoire	151	2.0	2.1
Belarus	151	2.0	2.1
Azerbaijan	158	1.9	1.9
Burundi	158	1.9	2.5
Congo, Republic	158	1.9	2.1
Sierra Leone	158	1.9	2.1
Venezuela	158	1.9	2.0
Guinea Bissau	158	1.9	2.2
Angola	158	1.9	2.2
Gambia	158	1.9	2.3
Uzbekistan	166	1.8	1.7
Turkmenistan	166	1.8	2.0
Zimbabwe	166	1.8	2.1
Cambodia	166	1.8	2.0
Kyrgyzstan	166	1.8	2.1
Congo, Democratic Republic	171	1.7	1.9
Equatorial Guinea	171	1.7	1.9
Guinea	173	1.6	1.9
Chad	173	1.6	1.8
Sudan	173	1.6	1.8
Afganistan	176	1.5	1.8
Haiti	177	1.4	1.6
Iraq	178	1.3	1.5
Myanmar	178	1.3	1.4
Somalia	180	1.0	1.4

Tablica 9.Osnivanje tvrtke, World Bank, 2008

Crveno - zemlje u tranziciji
Purporno - novih 12 članica EU, EU27
Plavo - zemlje članice EU, EU15

Region or Economy	Procedures (number)	Duration (days)	Cost (% GNI per capita)	Min. Capital (% GNI per capita)
OECD	5.8	13.4	4.9	19.7
South Asia	7.4	32.5	31.9	0.6
Eastern Europe & Central Asia	7.7	22.6	8.6	36.0
Middle East & North Africa	8.4	23.5	41.0	331.4
East Asia & Pacific	8.6	44.2	32.3	37.3
Latin America & Caribbean	9.7	64.5	39.1	3.4
Sub-Saharan Africa	10.2	47.8	111.2	173.4
Canada	1	5	0.5	0.0
New Zealand	1	1	0.4	0.0
Australia	2	2	0.8	0.0
Belgium	3	4	5.2	19.9
Finland	3	14	1.0	7.4
Georgia	3	3	4.0	0.0
Sweden	3	15	0.6	30.3
Afghanistan	4	9	59.5	0.0
Bulgaria	4	50	16.8	0.0
Denmark	4	6	0.0	40.1
Hungary	4	5	8.4	10.8
Ireland	4	13	0.3	0.0
Kyrgyz Republic	4	15	7.4	0.4
Senegal	4	8	72.7	236.2
Singapore	4	4	0.7	0.0
Sri Lanka	4	38	7.1	0.0
Tonga	4	25	9.6	0.0
Burkina Faso	5	16	62.3	458.8
Dominica	5	14	25.5	0.0
Estonia	5	7	1.7	23.7
France	5	7	1.0	0.0
Hong Kong, China	5	11	2.0	0.0
Iceland	5	5	2.6	13.6
Israel	5	34	4.4	0.0
Latvia	5	16	2.3	16.9
Lebanon	5	11	87.5	57.0
Madagascar	5	17	11.0	289.8
Maldives	5	9	11.5	4.8
Marshall Islands	5	17	17.3	0.0
Mauritius	5	6	5.0	0.0
Slovenia	5	19	0.1	46.8
Albania	6	8	25.8	32.3
Azerbaijan	6	16	3.2	0.0
Egypt	6	7	18.3	2.0
Grenada	6	20	30.2	0.0
Italy	6	10	18.5	9.7
Jamaica	6	8	7.9	0.0
Kiribati	6	21	64.6	34.9
Luxembourg	6	26	6.1	21.3
Morocco	6	12	10.2	52.3
Netherlands	6	10	5.9	51.7
Nicaragua	6	39	121.0	0.0
Norway	6	10	2.1	21.0
Portugal	6	6	2.9	34.3
Qatar	6	6	9.1	75.4
Romania	6	10	3.6	1.1
Slovakia	6	16	3.3	30.4
South Africa	6	22	6.0	0.0
St. Lucia	6	20	22.6	0.0
Switzerland	6	20	2.1	27.6
Turkey	6	6	14.9	10.9
United Kingdom	6	13	0.8	0.0
United States	6	6	0.7	0.0
Zambia, the	6	18	28.6	1.5
Bahamas	7	31	9.8	0.0
Bahrain	7	9	0.6	210.1
Bangladesh	7	73	25.7	0.0
Benin	7	31	196.0	347.0
Ethiopia	7	16	29.8	693.6
Lesotho	7	40	37.8	14.5
Lithuania	7	26	2.7	35.9
Macedonia, FYR	7	9	3.8	0.0
Micronesia	7	16	137.5	0.0
Mongolia	7	13	4.0	58.5
Nepal	7	31	60.2	0.0
Oman	7	14	3.6	461.2
Panama	7	13	19.6	0.0
Paraguay	7	35	67.9	0.0
Puerto Rico	7	7	0.8	0.0
Saudi Arabia	7	12	14.9	0.0
Sierra Leone	7	17	56.2	0.0
Solomon Islands	7	57	53.6	0.0
Uzbekistan	7	15	10.3	17.7
Yemen	7	13	93.0	0.0
Antigua and Barbuda	8	21	11.6	0.0
Austria	8	28	5.1	52.8
Belarus	8	31	7.8	12.4
Bhutan	8	46	8.5	0.0
Croatia	8	40	11.5	16.6
Czech Republic	8	15	9.6	31.8
Dominican Republic	8	19	19.4	0.0
El Salvador	8	17	49.6	3.5
Fiji	8	46	25.2	0.0
Gambia, the	8	27	254.9	0.0
Guyana	8	40	68.4	0.0
Iran	8	47	4.6	1.0
Japan	8	23	7.5	0.0
Kazakhstan	8	21	5.3	15.9
Lao PDR	8	103	14.1	0.0
Liberia	8	27	100.2	0.0
Nigeria	8	31	90.1	0.0
Palau	8	28	4.6	12.2
Papua New Guinea	8	56	23.6	0.0
Russian Federation	8	29	2.6	2.2
Rwanda	8	14	108.9	0.0
St. Kitts and Nevis	8	45	12.5	0.0
St. Vincent and the Grenadines	8	12	26.8	0.0
Syria	8	17	18.2	4,353.8
Taiwan, China	8	42	4.1	177.4
Thailand	8	33	4.9	0.0
United Arab Emirates	8	17	13.4	311.9
Vanuatu	8	39	54.8	0.0
Armenia	9	18	3.6	2.3
Belize	9	44	51.1	0.0
Cambodia	9	85	151.7	43.9
Chile	9	27	7.5	0.0
Colombia	9	36	14.1	0.0
Gabon	9	58	20.3	30.2
Germany	9	18	5.6	42.2
Ghana	9	34	32.7	16.6
Malaysia	9	13	14.7	0.0
Mauritania	9	19	33.9	422.6
Mexico	9	28	12.5	11.0
Moldova	9	15	8.9	13.4
Samoa	9	35	39.8	0.0
Seychelles	9	38	8.3	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	9	43	0.9	0.0
Botswana	10	78	2.3	0.0
Central African Republic	10	14	232.3	513.9
Congo, Rep.	10	37	106.4	131.2
Côte d’Ivoire	10	40	135.1	215.9
Jordan	10	14	60.4	24.2
Korea	10	17	16.9	53.8
Malawi	10	39	125.9	0.0
Mozambique	10	96	432.7	3.4
Namibia	10	66	22.1	0.0
Peru	10	49	2.0	47.8
Poland	10	31	18.8	168.8
São Tomé and Principe	10	144	88.9	0.0
Spain	10	47	14.9	13.1
Sudan	10	39	50.8	0.0
Timor-Leste	10	83	6.6	331.1
Tunisia	10	11	7.9	0.0
Ukraine	10	27	5.5	174.2
Zimbabwe	10	96	432.7	3.4
Angola	11	76	77.9	74.2
Burundi	11	43	215.0	0.0
Comoros	11	23	188.6	280.8
Djibouti	11	37	200.2	514.0
Guatemala	11	26	50.6	26.3
Indonesia	11	76	77.9	74.2
Iraq	11	77	150.7	59.1
Mali	11	26	121.5	390.4
Niger	11	19	170.1	702.1
Pakistan	11	24	12.6	0.0
Serbia	11	23	7.6	6.9
Uruguay	11	44	43.5	0.0
Vietnam	11	50	16.8	0.0
West Bank and Gaza	11	49	69.1	56.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	12	60	30.8	36.3
Cape Verde	12	52	35.7	67.5
Costa Rica	12	60	20.5	0.0
Kenya	12	30	39.7	0.0
Tanzania	12	29	41.5	0.0
Cameroon	13	37	137.1	188.0
Congo, Dem. Rep.	13	155	435.4	0.0
Eritrea	13	84	102.2	396.7
Guinea	13	41	135.7	476.9
Haiti	13	195	159.6	26.6
Honduras	13	20	52.6	20.0
India	13	30	70.1	0.0
Kuwait	13	35	1.3	81.7
Suriname	13	694	125.2	0.8
Swaziland	13	61	35.1	0.6
Tajikistan	13	49	27.6	216.8
Togo	13	53	251.3	559.9
Algeria	14	24	10.8	46.6
China	14	40	8.4	158.1
Ecuador	14	65	38.5	12.7
Argentina	15	32	9.0	3.7
Bolivia	15	50	112.4	2.8
Greece	15	19	10.2	19.6
Montenegro	15	21	4.4	0.0
Philippines	15	52	29.8	6.0
Venezuela	16	141	26.8	0.0
Guinea-Bissau	17	233	257.7	1,015.0
Brazil	18	152	8.2	0.0
Brunei	18	116	9.2	0.0
Uganda	18	15	100.7	0.0
Chad	19	75	175.0	365.1
Equatorial Guinea	20	136	101.7	15.4

Tablica 10. Human Development Reports, 2008

Crveno - zemlje u tranziciji
Purporno - novih 12 članica EU, EU27
Plavo - zemlje članice EU, EU15

High Human Development Iceland Norway Australia Canada Ireland Sweden Switzerland Japan Netherlands France Finland United States Spain Denmark Austria United Kingdom Belgium Luxembourg New Zealand Italy Hong Kong, China (SAR) Germany Israel Greece Singapore Korea (Rep. of) Slovenia Cyprus Portugal Brunei Darussalam Barbados Czech Republic Kuwait Malta Qatar Hungary Poland Argentina United Arab Emirates Chile Bahrain Slovakia Lithuania Estonia Latvia Uruguay Croatia Costa Rica Bahamas Seychelles Cuba Mexico Bulgaria Saint Kitts and Nevis Tonga Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Antigua and Barbuda Oman Trinidad and Tobago Romania Saudi Arabia Panama Malaysia Belarus Mauritius Bosnia and Herzegovina Russian Federation Albania Macedonia Brazil

Medium Human Development Dominica Saint Lucia Kazakhstan Venezuela, RB Colombia Ukraine Samoa (Western) Thailand Dominican Republic Belize China Grenada Armenia Turkey Suriname Jordan Peru Lebanon Ecuador Philippines Tunisia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Fiji Iran, Islamic Rep. of Paraguay Georgia Guyana Azerbaijan Sri Lanka Maldives Jamaica Cape Verde El Salvador Algeria Viet Nam Occupied Palestinian Territories Indonesia Syrian Arab Republic Turkmenistan Nicaragua Moldova Egypt Uzbekistan Mongolia Honduras Kyrgyzstan Bolivia Guatemala Gabon Vanuatu South Africa Tajikistan São Tomé and Principe Botswana Namibia Morocco Equatorial Guinea India Solomon Islands Lao People's Dem. Rep. Cambodia Myanmar Bhutan Comoros Ghana Pakistan Mauritania Lesotho Congo Bangladesh Swaziland Nepal Madagascar Cameroon Papua New Guinea Haiti Sudan Kenya Djibouti Timor-Leste Zimbabwe Togo Yemen Uganda Gambia

Low Human Development Senegal Eritrea Nigeria Tanzania (U. Rep. of) Guinea Rwanda Angola Benin Malawi Zambia Côte d'Ivoire Burundi Congo (Dem. Rep. of the) Ethiopia Chad Central African Republic Mozambique Mali Niger Guinea-Bissau Burkina Faso Sierra Leone

Linkovi

World Bank:

• Country Assistance Strategy progress report, 2001
• Country Assistance Strategy progress report, 2004