ENERGETSKA POLITIKA

Cilj poglavlja

Cilj ovog poglavlja je upoznati osnovne političke mehanizme koji utječu na energetiku Hrvatske i Europe.

Svrha poglavlja

Nakon završetka ovog poglavlja, trebali biste moći:

1. Razumjeti geopolitički kontekst u kojem se nalazi Hrvatska kao zemlja tranzicije.
2. Razumjeti važnost i probleme sigurnosti dobave energije.
3. Razumjeti utjecaj cijene energenata na konkurentnost proizvodnje.
4. Razumjeti logiku restrukturiranja i liberalizacije tržišta, te smisao privatizacije.

Uvod

• Implozija drugog svijeta (socijalističkog bloka) 1989.

• Opcije su priključenje prvom svijetu (kapitalističkom bloku) ili izolacija i autarhija

- ideološko priključenje - demokracija

- ekonomsko priključenje - slobodno tržište

- vojno priključenje - zajednička sigurnost

• Zemlje u tranziciji su:

- Centralna i istočna Europa (CEEC): Češka, Estonija, Latvija, Litva, Mađarska, Poljska, Slovačka, Slovenija

- Jugoistočna Europa (SEE): Bugarska, Rumunjska

- Jugoistočna Europa - Zapadni Balkan (SEE-WB): Albanija, Crna Gora, Bosna i Hercegovina, Hrvatska, Makedonija, Srbija

- Istočna Europa i Centralna Azija (EECA): Armenija, Azerbejdžan, Belarus, Gruzija, Kazakhstan, Kirgistan, Moldova, Rusija, Tadžikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukrajina, Uzbekistan

- Mongolija

Slika 1. Usporedba GDP po stanovniku Portugala i Hrvatske, 1950. - 2006.	Slika 2. Pravi početak tranzicije u Hrvatskoj - 3. siječnja 2000.

"In fact, the post-communist variety of ethnic politics—made notorious by Mr Milosevic, but also practised in varying degrees by Croatian, Bosnian-Muslim and ethnic-Albanian power-brokers—is a specific strain of the nationalist virus. It appeared in many places where the Marxist system, with its windy slogans of unity and brotherhood, collapsed suddenly. In former Yugoslavia, as in the Caucasus, many ex-communist leaders found that fanning inter-ethnic passions provided a handy way to maintain their grip on economic and political life. After all, when a nation or ethnic group is “battling for survival”, literally or metaphorically, then its leaders can suppress dissent, and shrug off calls for a more open economy and society." The Economist

"Patriotism is a last refuge of a scoundrel", Samuel Johnson

"Ich liebe nicht den Staat, ich liebe meine Frau", Gustav Heinemann

Tranzicija i eurointegracije

• Organizacija za sigurnost i suradnju - Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe - OSCE - osnovana kao organizacija za suradnju između dvaju blokova - 56 članica (55, 2006) - 28 zemalja u tranziciji (27, 2006) - Hrvatska je članica od 1992.

Vijeće Europe - Council of Europe - organizacija demokratskih zemalja Europe - preduvjet demokratizacija - 46 članica - 21 zemlja u tranziciji - Hrvatska je članica od 1996.
	Slika 3. Vijeće Europe - potvrda demokratičnosti

Partnerstvo za mir - Partnership for Peace - vojna suradnja zemalja tranzicije te neutralnih zemalja Europe s NATO-om - 23 članica (20, 2006) - 18 zemalja u tranziciji (15, 2006) - Hrvatska je članica od 2000.
	Slika 4. Članstvo u Euroatlantic Partnership Council, čiji je Partnerstvo za mir dio - putu prema NATO-u

• Svjetska trgovinska organizacija - World Trade Organization - multilateralni sporazum o međunarodnoj trgovini - 150 članica (149, 2006) - 18 zemalja u tranziciji - Hrvatska je članica od 2000.

• Suradnja s EU - Association Agreement / Stabilization and Association Agreement (SEE-WB) / Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (EECA) - ekonomska i tehnološka suradnja s EU - 3 E/AA - 2 zemlje u tranziciji - 2 (SAA za Hrvatsku je stupio na snagu 2005) SAA - 10 PCA/TCA - sve zemlje u tranziciji

- Hrvatska je pridružena članica EU od početka 2005.

- Makedonija je pridružena članica EU od 2004.

- Albanija je potpisala SAA 2006., čime je privremeni sporazum (IA) stupio na snagu, a pridruženo članstvo čeka ratifikaciju 27 zemalja članica, Europskog parlamenta i Albanije

- Bosna i Hercegovina je počela pregovore 2005., te je 2006. završila tehnički dio pregovora

- Crna Gora je počela pregovore 2005. kao dio Srbije i Crne Gore, nastavila ih je 2006. kao nezavisna država, kada je i završila tehnički dio pregovora

- Srbija je počela pregovore 2005., ali su oni 2006. prekinuti zbog nesuradnje s Haaškim sudom

Slika 5. Nivoi suradnje s EU ove godine. Balkan nije više crna rupa, ali nije još Europa.

- Ministarstvo vanjskih poslova i europskih integracija - Sporazum o stabilizaciji i pridruživanju

- How important is regional cooperation? Chriss Patten: We are not trying in South East Europe to recreate Yugoslavia; we are not trying to put the jigsaw back together. What we are saying is that it is our experience in the EU that regional cooperation, political and economic cooperation is crucial. That is what the EU represents above all. So it would be amazing, truly surprising if the formula, which we believe works for us, was a formula which we declined to believe should be applied in SEE. Whether you are talking about energy, the electricity market, whether you are talking about trade, cooperation and fighting organized crime, the list goes on and on. There is a powerful argument for cooperating regionally and I very much hope that with the support of the Stability Pact as well as the support of the EC and the member states of the EU we will see better regional cooperation in the future. I am particularly concerned to see a maximum of cooperation in dealing with organized crime because I think that is a cancer, which could eat away the potential success of South East Europe. (više)

- Progress reports 2005

- Progress reports 2006

• Membership Action Plan - proces pristupanja NATO-u - preduvjet članstvo u PfP-u - 3 zemlje - 3 zemlje u tranziciji imaju MAP (Albanija, Hrvatska, Makedonija).

• CEFTA - Central European Free Trade Area - organizacija slobodne trgovine reformskih tranzicijskih zemalja - preduvjet članstvo ili akcesija u WTO, pregovaranje pridruženog članstva EU i sklapanje ugovora o slobodnoj trgovini sa svim zemljama članicama - 7 članova (4 člana, 2006) - 7 zemalja u tranziciji (4, 2006) - Hrvatska članica od 2003., a Makedonija od 2005. Nakon ulaska zemalja srednje Europe u EU 2004. i Rumunjske i Bugarske 2007, CEFTA-i se 2007. priključuju ostale zemlje jugoistočne Europe te Kosovo (UNMIK), slike 6 i 7.

Slika 6. Bivše (Poljska, Češka, Slovačka, Mađarska, Slovenija), sadašnje na odlasku u EU (Rumunjska, Bugarska), sadašnje (Hrvatska, Makedonija) i buduće (Albanija, Bosna i Hercegovina, Crna Gora, Srbija, Kosovo) članice Central European Free Trade Area		Slika 7. Kamo ide CEFTA?

Akcesija u EU - Accession to European Union - proces pristupanja EU - preduvjet članstvo u Vijeću Europe te Association agreement - 3 zemlje u akcesiji (5, 2006, Hrvatska, Turska i Makedonija) - 2 zemlje u tranziciji (4, 2006) - Hrvatska je u akcesiji, od 2004, te je EU za nju pripremila predpristupnu strategiju - Makedonija je kandidat od 2005. Prvi val petog proširenja od 10 zemalja primljen je 2004. (Estonija, Litva, Latvija, Poljska, Češka, Slovačka, Slovenija, Madžarska, Malta i Cipar). Drugi i završni val petog proširenja je 2007. u koju su uključene Rumunjska i Bugarska.

Slika 8. Članice EU i one koje će to tek postati.

Slika 8. (1998) i Slika 9. (2006-2009) Godišnji transferi EU zemljama u akcesiji, SAPARD za poljoprivredu, ISPA za okoliš i transport. Uz to postoji i generalni program Phare. Sve programe zamjenjuje IPA od 2007.

• OECD - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development - organizacija razvijenih zemalja - preduvjet članstvo u WTO - 30 članica - 4 zemlje u tranziciji - Hrvatska nije članica

NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organisation - Sjevernoatlantski savez - američko-europski vojni savez zemalja prvog svijeta - 26 članica - 10 zemalja u tranziciji - Hrvatska nije članica, ali je kandidat
	Slika 10. Širenje NATO-a na istok. Sljedeći krug širenja očekuje se iza 2006. kada će i Hrvatska vjerojatno biti pozvana.

• Europska Unija - European Union - EU - Unija zemalja Europe - 27 članica (25, 2006) - 10 zemalja u tranziciji (8, 2006) - Europska Unija je 7. najveća država u svijetu po površini, 3. po stanovništvu i 2. po BDP-u

Slika 11. Širenje EU - aritmetika moći novih i starih članova.

Tablica 1. Tranzicija prema Zapadu.

Crveno - promjena situacije od prošlogodišnjeg predavanja.
Zeleno - prestanak članstva zbog prelaska u višu razinu integracije: Pfp > NATO, AA > AP

Zemlja	OSCE	CE	PfP	WTO	AA PCA/TCA (IA) SAA	CEFTA	EU ''''Aplikacija/ Početak pregovora/ chapters opened/ chapters closed/ Akcesija/EURO	OECD	NATO
Albanija	1991	1995	1994	2000	(2006)	2007	-	-	MAP
Armenija	1992	2001	1994	2003	1999	-	-	-	-
Azerbejdžan	1992	2001	1994	promatrač	1999	-	-	-	-
Belarus	1992	-	1995	promatrač	pregovori	-	-	-	-
Bosna i Hercegovina	1992	2002	2006	promatrač	pregovori	2007	-	-	-
Bugarska	1973	1992	1994	1996	1993	1999	1995/2000/31/31/2007	-	2004
Crna Gora	2006	-	2006	promatrač	pregovori	2007	-	-	-
Češka	1993	1993	1994	1995	1993	1993	1996/1998/31/31/2004	1995	1999
Estonija	1991	1993	1994	1999	1995	-	1995/1998/31/31/2004	-	2004
Gruzija	1992	1999	1994	2000	1999	-	-	-	-
Hrvatska	1992	1996	2000	2000	2005	2003	2003/2005/7/2/	-	MAP
Kazakstan	1992	-	1994	promatrač	1999	-	-	-	-
Kirgistan	1992	-	1994	1998	1999	-	-	-	-
Latvija	1991	1995	1994	1999	1995	-	1995/2000/31/31/2004	-	2004
Litva	1991	1993	1994	2001	1995	-	1995/2000/31/31/2004	-	2004
Mađarska	1973	1990	1994	1995	1991	1992	1994/1998/31/31/2004	1996	1999
Makedonija	1995	1995	1995	2003	2004	2005	2004///	-	MAP
Moldova	1992	1995	1994	2001	1998	2007	-	-	-
Mongolija	-	-	-	1997	1993	-	-	-	-
Poljska	1973	1991	1994	1995	1991	1992	1994/1998/31/31/2004	1996	1999
Rumunjska	1973	1993	1994	1995	1993	1997	1995/2000/31/31/2007	-	2004
Rusija	1973	1996	1994	promatrač	1997	-	-	-	-
Slovačka	1993	1993	1994	1995	1993	1993	1995/2000/31/31/2004	2000	2004
Slovenija	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1996	1996/1998/31/31/2004/2007	-	2004
Srbija	2000	2003	2006	promatrači	pregovori	2007	-	-	-
Tadžikistan	1992	-	2002	promatrač	-	-	-	-	-
Turkmenistan	1992	-	1994	-	pregovori	-	-	-	-
Ukrajina	1992	1995	1994	promatrač	1998	-	-	-	-
Uzbekistan	1992	-	1994	promatrač	1999	-	-	-	-

Tablica 2. Rang lista trkača prema Zapadu.

Crveno - promjena situacije od prošlogodišnjeg predavanja.
Članstvo u OSCE 1 bod.
Članstvo u CE 2 boda.
Članstvo u PfP 2 boda (1 bod za članstvo u EAPC).
Članstvo u WTO 4 boda (1 bod proces učlanjivanja, 2 za potpisivanje sporazuma).
AA ili SAA 4 boda, PCA 2 boda, TCA/IA 1 bod.
Članstvo u CEFTA-i 4 boda.
Accession Partnership bodovi prema broju zatvorenih poglavlja. Euro +10.
Članstvo u OECD-u 5 bodova.
Članstvo u NATO-u 5 bodova (1 bod za MAP, 2 za akcesiju).
Poredak se u 1999-2000. računao prema nešto drugačijim uvjetima.

Poredak	Zemlja	OSCE	CE	PfP	WTO	AA, SAA, PCA/TCA, IA	CEFTA	Akcesija EU	OECD	NATO	total	Poredak
												2006	2005	2004	2003	2002	2001	2000	1999
1.	Slovenija	1	2	2	4	4	4	73+10€	-	5	105	5.	5.	5.	5.	5.	5.	4.	4.
2.	Mađarska	1	2	2	4	4	4	73	5	5	100	1.	1.	1.	1.	1.	1.	1.	1.
3.	Češka	1	2	2	4	4	4	73	5	5	100	2.	2.	2.	2.	2.	3.	3.	3.
4.	Poljska	1	2	2	4	4	4	73	5	5	100	3.	3.	3.	3.	3.	2.	2.	2.
5.	Slovačka	1	2	2	4	4	4	73	5	5	100	4.	4.	4.	4.	4.	4.	6.	6.
6.	Bugarska	1	2	2	4	4	4	73	-	5	95	9.	9.	9.	9.	9.	7.	7.	7.
7.	Rumunjska	1	2	2	4	4	4	73	-	5	95	10.	10.	10.	10.	10.	6.	5.	5.
8.	Latvija	1	2	2	4	4	-	73	-	5	91	6.	6.	6.	6.	6.	9.	9.	9.
9.	Litva	1	2	2	4	4	-	73	-	5	91	7.	7.	7.	7.	7.	10.	10.	10.
10.	Estonija	1	2	2	4	4	-	73	-	5	91	8.	8.	8.	8.	8.	8.	8.	8.
11.	Hrvatska	1	2	2	4	4	4	2	-	1	20	11.	11.	11.	11.	14.	14.	23.	24.
12.	Makedonija	1	2	2	4	4	4	-	-	1	18	12.	12.	12.	15.	20.	20.	16.	17.
13.	Moldova	1	2	2	4	2	4	-	-	-	15	14.	14.	14.	13.	12.	15.	13.	14.
14.	Albanija	1	2	2	4	1	4	-	-	1	15	16.	16.	16.	16.	13.	13.	17.	13.
15.	Gruzija	1	2	2	4	2	-	-	-	-	11	13.	13.	13.	12.	11.	11.	15.	16.
16.	Armenija	1	2	2	4	2	-	-	-	-	11	15.	15.	15.	14.	18.	18.	18.	19.
17.	Bosna i Hercegovina	1	2	2	1	-	4	-	-	-	10	26.	26.	26.	25.	25.	25.	25.	25.
18.	Srbija	1	2	2	1	-	4	-	-	-	10	27.	27.	27.	26.	27.	27.	27.	27.
19.	Kirgistan	1	-	2	4	2	-	-	-	-	9	17.	17.	17.	17.	15.	12.	11.	11.
20.	Rusija	1	2	2	1	2	-	-	-	-	8	18.	18.	18.	18.	16.	16.	12.	12.
21.	Ukrajina	1	2	2	1	2	-	-	-	-	8	19.	19.	19.	19.	17.	17.	14.	15.
22.	Azerbejdžan	1	2	2	1	2	-	-	-	-	8	20.	20.	20.	20.	19.	19.	21.	22.
23.	Crna Gora	1	-	2	1	-	4	-	-	-	8	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
24.	Kazakstan	1	-	2	1	2	-	-	-	-	6	21.	21.	21.	21.	21.	21.	19.	20.
25.	Uzbekistan	1	-	2	1	2	-	-	-	-	6	22.	22.	22.	22.	22.	22.	20.	21.
26.	Mongolija	-	-	-	4	1	-	-	-	-	5	23.	23.	23.	-	-	-	-	-
27.	Belarus	1	-	2	1	-	-	-	-	-	4	24.	24.	24.	23.	23.	23.	22.	18.
28.	Tadžikistan	1	-	2	1	-	-	-	-	-	4	25.	25.	25.	24.	24.	26.	26.	26.
29.	Turkmenistan	1	-	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	3	28.	28.	28.	27.	26.	24.	24.	23.

Strukturne reforme

• privatizacija
• restrukturiranje (zatvaranje nerentabilnih poduzeća i otpuštanje viška radnika)
• liberalizacija cijena
• liberalizacija trgovanja devizama (forex)
• antimonopolna politika
• reforma banaka i ostalih financijskih institucija

Slika 12. Privatizacija - udio privatnog vlasništva u stvaranju GDP-a, 2006, EBRD

Slika 13. Udio privatnog vlasništva u stvaranju GDP-a i udio javnog sektora u GDP-u, 2003, EBRD

Slika 14. Progres u tranziciji, EBRD, 2001 Transition Report

Tablica 3. Growth Competitiveness Index, World Economic Forum, 2006

Crveno - zemlje u tranziciji

Purpurno - nove članice EU (EU27)

Plavo - stare članice EU (EU15)

Global Competitiveness Index 2006 and 2005 comparisons
	GCI	GCI	GCI
Country/Economy	2006 Rank	2006 Score	2005 Rank		Changes 2005-2006
Switzerland	1	5.81	4		3
Finland	2	5.76	2		0
Sweden	3	5.74	7		4
Denmark	4	5.70	3		-1
Singapore	5	5.63	5		0
United States	6	5.61	1		-5
Japan	7	5.60	10		3
Germany	8	5.58	6		-2
Netherlands	9	5.56	11		2
United Kingdom	10	5.54	9		-1
Hong Kong SAR	11	5.46	14		3
Norway	12	5.42	17		5
Taiwan, China	13	5.41	8		-5
Iceland	14	5.40	16		2
Israel	15	5.38	23		8
Canada	16	5.37	13		-3
Austria	17	5.32	15		-2
France	18	5.31	12		-6
Australia	19	5.29	18		-1
Belgium	20	5.27	20		0
Ireland	21	5.21	21		0
Luxembourg	22	5.16	24		2
New Zealand	23	5.15	22		-1
Korea, Rep.	24	5.13	19		-5
Estonia	25	5.12	26		1
Malaysia	26	5.11	25		-1
Chile	27	4.85	27		0
Spain	28	4.77	28		0
Czech Republic	29	4.74	29		0
Tunisia	30	4.71	37		7
Barbados	31	4.70	—		—
United Arab Emirates	32	4.66	32		0
Slovenia	33	4.64	30		-3
Portugal	34	4.60	31		-3
Thailand	35	4.58	33		-2
Latvia	36	4.57	39		3
Slovak Republic	37	4.55	36		-1
Qatar	38	4.55	46		8
Malta	39	4.54	44		5
Lithuania	40	4.53	34		-6
Hungary	41	4.52	35		-6
Italy	42	4.46	38		-4
India	43	4.44	45		2
Kuwait	44	4.41	49		5
South Africa	45	4.36	40		-5
Cyprus	46	4.36	41		-5
Greece	47	4.33	47		0
Poland	48	4.30	43		-5
Bahrain	49	4.28	50		1
Indonesia	50	4.26	69		19
Croatia	51	4.26	64		13
Jordan	52	4.25	42		-10
Costa Rica	53	4.25	56		3
China	54	4.24	48		-6
Mauritius	55	4.20	55		0
Kazakhstan	56	4.19	51		-5
Panama	57	4.18	65		8
Mexico	58	4.18	59		1
Turkey	59	4.14	71		12
Jamaica	60	4.10	63		3
El Salvador	61	4.09	60		-1
Russian Federation	62	4.08	53		-9
Azerbaijan	64	4.06	62		-2
Colombia	65	4.04	58		-7
Brazil	66	4.03	57		-9
Trinidad and Tobago	67	4.03	66		-1
Romania	68	4.02	67		-1
Argentina	69	4.01	54		-15
Morocco	70	4.01	76		6
Philippines	71	4.00	73		2
Bulgaria	72	3.96	61		-11
Uruguay	73	3.96	70		-3
Peru	74	3.94	77		3
Guatemala	75	3.91	95		20
Algeria	76	3.90	82		6
Vietnam	77	3.89	74		-3
Ukraine	78	3.89	68		-10
Sri Lanka	79	3.87	80		1
Macedonia	80	3.86	75		-5
Botswana	81	3.79	72		-9
Armenia	82	3.75	81		-1
Dominican Republic	83	3.75	91		8
Namibia	84	3.74	79		-5
Georgia	85	3.73	86		1
Moldova	86	3.71	89		3
Serbia and Montenegro	87	3.69	85		-2
Venezuela	88	3.69	84		-4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	89	3.67	88		-1
Ecuador	90	3.67	87		-3
Pakistan	91	3.66	94		3
Mongolia	92	3.60	90		-2
Honduras	93	3.58	97		4
Kenya	94	3.57	93		-1
Nicaragua	95	3.52	96		1
Tajikistan	96	3.50	92		-4
Bolivia	97	3.46	101		4
Albania	98	3.46	100		2
Bangladesh	99	3.46	98		-1
Suriname	100	3.45	—		—
Nigeria	101	3.45	83		-18
Gambia	102	3.43	109		7
Cambodia	103	3.39	111		8
Tanzania	104	3.39	105		1
Benin	105	3.37	106		1
Paraguay	106	3.33	102		-4
Kyrgyz Republic	107	3.31	104		-3
Cameroon	108	3.30	99		-9
Madagascar	109	3.27	107		-2
Nepal	110	3.26	—		—
Guyana	111	3.24	108		-3
Lesotho	112	3.22	—		—
Uganda	113	3.19	103		-10
Mauritania	114	3.17	—		—
Zambia	115	3.16	—		—
Burkina Faso	116	3.07	—		—
Malawi	117	3.07	114		-3
Mali	118	3.02	115		-3
Zimbabwe	119	3.01	110		-9
Ethiopia	120	2.99	116		-4
Mozambique	121	2.94	112		-9
Timor-Leste	122	2.90	113		-9
Chad	123	2.61	117		-6
Burundi	124	2.59	—		—
Angola	125	2.50	—		—

Credit rating

Tablica 5. Credit rating zemalja u tranziciji, stanje 11. prosinca 2006. (Moody’s), 15. prosinca 2006. (S&P)

Crveno - junk bond rating.
Crno - investment rating.
Svaki znak ˇ znači downgrade za jedan nivo.
Svaki znak ^ znači upgrade za jedan nivo.
Moody’s (Aaa, Aa1, Aa2, Aa3, A1, A2, A3, Baa1, Baa2, Baa3, Ba1, Ba2, Ba3, B1, B2, B3, Caa1, Caa2, Caa3, Ca, C).
Standard & Poor (AAA, AA+, AA, AA-, A+, A, A-, BBB+, BBB, BBB-, BB+, BB, BB-, B+, B, B-, C, SD).

Zemlja	Moody’s			S&P
Albanija	-	-	-	-
Armenija	Ba22006	15	-	-
Azerbejdžan	Ba12006	14	-	-
Belarus	-	-	-	-
Bosna i Hercegovina	B2^2006-2003	18	-	-
Bugarska	Baa3^2005^2004^^2003^2001	11	2006^2005^2004^2003^2002^2001^2000^BBB+	7
Crna Gora	-	-	2004BB	15
Češka	A1^^^2002	2	A-	5
Estonija	A1^^^2002	2	2004^2001^A	2
Gruzija	-	-	2005B+	18
Hrvatska	Baa3	11	2004^BBB	10
Kazakstan	Baa2^2006^^2002^^2001	9	2003^^2001^2000^BBB-	12
Kirgistan	-	-	-	-
Latvija	A2^^^2002	6	2004^2002^A-	5
Litva	A2^2006^2003^^^2002	6	2005^2003^2002^^A	2
Mađarska	A1^^2002^2000^1999	2	2006ˇ2000^1999^BBB+	7
Makedonija	-	-	2005^2004BB+	14
Moldova	Caa1^^^2003ˇˇˇ2002ˇ2001ˇ1999	20	-	-
Mongolija	B1	16	B	19
Poljska	A2^^2002^^1999	6	2000^1999^BBB+	7
Rumunjska	Baa3^2006^^2004^2003^2002^2001	11	2005^2004^2003^2002^2001^^BBB-	12
Rusija	Baa2^2005^^2004^2002^^^2001	9	2005^2004^2003^2002^^2001^^2000^^BBB	10
Slovačka	A1^2006^2004^^^2002^2001	2	2005^2004^2003^2002^2001^A	2
Slovenija	Aa2^2006^^2002^2000	1	2006^2003^2002^AA	1
Srbija	-	-	2005^2004BB-	16
Tadžikistan	-	-	-	-
Turkmenistan	B22003	18	-	-
Ukrajina	B1^2003^^2001ˇ1999	16	2004^^BB-	16
Uzbekistan	-	-	-	-

Makroekonomski pokazatelji

Slika 15. Nominalni GDP/stan, 2003, USD, World Bank

1997 1998 1999 2001

Slika 16. Realni rast GDP-a, 2003, %, World Bank

2000 2001

Slika 17. Nezaposlenost, 2005, %, EBRD

1997 2000

Slika 18. Prosječna bruto mjesečna plaća, sredina 2000, USD, Business Central Europe

1998 1999

Slika 19. Netto strane investicije 1999-2004, milijarde USD, World Bank

FDI Stock 1997 1998 2000

Slika 20. Direktne strane investicije 2004, USD/cap, World Bank

FDI Stock/Capita 1999 - 2000

FDI Inflows/Capita 2003

Slika 21. Stanje oporavka od tranzicije, odnos GDP 2000 i 1989, deset izgubljenih godina, EBRD

1999

Usporedbe

Tablica 6. Index of Economic Freedom, 2006

Overall Rank	Country	Year	Overall Score	Trade	Fiscal Burden	Government Intervention	Monetary Policy	Foreign Investment	Banking/ Finance	Wages/ Prices	Property Rights	Regulation	Informal Market
7	Estonia	2006	1.75	2.0	2.0	2	1	1	1	2	2	2	2.5
21	Czech Republic	2006	2.10	2.0	2.5	2.5	1	2	1	2	2	3	3
23	Lithuania	2006	2.14	2.0	2.4	2	1	2	1	2	3	3	3
27	Armenia	2006	2.26	2.0	2.1	2	2	1	1	2	3	4	3.5
34	Slovak Republic	2006	2.35	2.0	2.0	2	3	2	1	2	3	3	3.5
38	Slovenia	2006	2.41	2.0	3.6	2	2	2	3	2	3	2	2.5
39	Latvia	2006	2.43	2.0	2.3	2.5	2	2	2	2	3	3	3.5
40	Hungary	2006	2.44	2.0	2.4	2	3	2	2	3	2	3	3
41	Poland	2006	2.49	2.0	2.4	2	1	3	2	3	3	3	3.5
52	Albania	2006	2.75	4.0	2.5	2	1	2	2	2	4	4	4
55	Croatia	2006	2.78	2.5	2.8	2	1	3	2	3	4	4	3.5
57	Macedonia	2006	2.80	3.5	1.5	3	1	3	2	2	4	4	4
60	Mongolia	2006	2.83	2.5	3.3	2.5	2	2	2	2	4	4	4
64	Bulgaria	2006	2.88	3.5	2.3	2.5	3	2	2	2	4	4	3.5
68	Georgia	2006	2.98	3.5	2.3	1.5	2	3	2	3	4	4	4.5
71	Kyrgyz Republic	2006	2.99	2.5	2.4	2	2	3	3	3	4	4	4
74	Bosnia and Herzegovina	2006	3.01	2.5	2.6	2.5	1	3	2	3	5	5	3.5
83	Moldova	2006	3.10	2.5	2.5	2	3	4	3	3	3	4	4
92	Romania	2006	3.19	3.5	1.9	1.5	4	3	3	3	4	4	4
99	Ukraine	2006	3.24	2.5	2.9	2	3	4	3	3	4	4	4
113	Kazakhstan	2006	3.35	3.5	3.5	2.5	3	4	2	3	4	4	4
122	Russia	2006	3.50	3.5	2.5	2	4	4	4	3	4	4	4
123	Azerbaijan	2006	3.51	3.0	3.6	3	2	4	4	3	4	4	4.5
137	Tajikistan	2006	3.76	3.0	2.6	4.5	3	4	4	4	4	4	4.5
144	Uzbekistan	2006	3.91	3.0	2.6	3.5	4	4	5	4	4	5	4
148	Turkmenistan	2006	4.04	2.5	2.4	5	3	5	5	4	5	4	4.5
151	Belarus	2006	4.11	3.5	3.6	3.5	5	4	4	5	4	5	3.5
N/R	Serbia and Montenegro	2006	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Tablica 7. Index of Economic Freedom, 1995-2005

Country	2005	2004	2003	2002	2001	2000	1999	1998	1997	1996	1995
Albania	2.93	3.10	3.28	3.24	3.48	3.78	3.51	3.53	3.59	3.58	3.48
Armenia	2.58	2.63	2.59	2.78	3.03	3.21	3.50	3.50	3.50	3.69	N/A
Azerbaijan	3.38	3.39	3.50	3.58	3.93	4.33	4.29	4.35	4.58	4.78	N/A
Belarus	3.99	4.09	4.24	4.21	4.10	4.13	4.14	4.15	3.95	3.45	3.70
Bosnia and Herzegovina	3.16	3.30	3.49	3.89	4.04	4.40	4.61	4.61	N/A	N/A	N/A
Bulgaria	2.74	3.08	3.26	3.28	3.28	3.35	3.49	3.60	3.53	3.50	3.56
Croatia	3.00	3.11	3.06	3.29	3.39	3.49	3.55	3.63	3.56	3.53	N/A
Czech Republic	2.36	2.39	2.35	2.29	2.10	2.20	2.14	2.42	2.29	2.33	2.38
Estonia	1.65	1.76	1.68	1.73	1.89	2.19	2.29	2.42	2.46	2.44	2.40
Georgia	3.34	3.19	3.40	3.48	3.68	3.80	3.85	3.78	3.88	3.94	N/A
Hungary	2.40	2.60	2.55	2.23	2.38	2.42	2.89	2.94	3.04	2.98	2.93
Kazakhstan	3.66	3.70	3.55	3.70	3.85	3.90	4.14	4.22	N/A	N/A	N/A
Kyrgyz Republic	3.29	3.36	3.41	3.65	3.80	3.78	3.73	4.00	N/A	N/A	N/A
Latvia	2.31	2.36	2.30	2.49	2.49	2.69	2.74	2.84	2.91	3.24	N/A
Lithuania	2.18	2.19	2.21	2.35	2.53	2.84	2.90	2.98	3.05	3.50	N/A
Macedonia	2.95	3.04	3.23	3.35
Moldova	3.06	3.09	3.13	3.30	3.75	3.35	3.49	3.48	3.65	3.50	4.10
Poland	2.54	2.81	2.83	2.60	2.64	2.84	2.83	2.91	3.09	3.24	3.46
Romania	3.58	3.66	3.71	3.78	3.59	3.20	3.20	3.21	3.30	3.40	3.60
Russia	3.56	3.46	3.54	3.74	3.79	3.75	3.60	3.54	3.83	3.65	3.55
Serbia and Montenegro	N/A	N/A
Slovak Republic	2.43	2.44	2.71	2.76	2.85	3.18	3.38	3.31	3.18	3.18	2.88
Slovenia	2.64	2.75	2.86	3.25	3.01	3.20	3.05	3.15	3.45	3.74	N/A
Tajikistan	4.00	4.15	4.10	4.09	4.11	4.21	4.15	4.30	N/A	N/A	N/A
Turkmenistan	4.36	4.31	4.21	4.39	4.39	4.40	4.39	4.50	N/A	N/A	N/A
Ukraine	3.21	3.49	3.59	3.84	3.88	3.75	3.75	3.83	3.83	3.75	4.05
Uzbekistan	4.10	4.29	4.29	4.39	4.61	4.56	4.64	4.68	N/A	N/A	N/A

Tablica 8. TI Corruption Perceptions Index, Transparency International, 2006

Crveno - zemlje u tranziciji
Roza - novih 12 članica EU, EU27
Plavo - zemlje članice EU, EU15

Country Rank	Country	2006 CPI Score
1	Finland	9.6
1	Iceland	9.6
1	New Zealand	9.6
4	Denmark	9.5
5	Singapore	9.4
6	Sweden	9.2
7	Switzerland	9.1
8	Norway	8.8
9	Australia	8.7
9	Netherlands	8.7
11	Austria	8.6
11	Luxembourg	8.6
11	United Kingdom	8.6
14	Canada	8.5
15	Hong Kong	8.3
16	Germany	8.0
17	Japan	7.6
18	France	7.4
18	Ireland	7.4
20	Belgium	7.3
20	Chile	7.3
20	USA	7.3
23	Spain	6.8
24	Barbados	6.7
24	Estonia	6.7
26	Macao	6.6
26	Portugal	6.6
28	Malta	6.4
28	Slovenia	6.4
28	Uruguay	6.4
31	United Arab Emirates	6.2
32	Bhutan	6.0
32	Qatar	6.0
34	Israel	5.9
34	Taiwan	5.9
36	Bahrain	5.7
37	Botswana	5.6
37	Cyprus	5.6
39	Oman	5.4
40	Jordan	5.3
41	Hungary	5.2
42	Mauritius	5.1
42	South Korea	5.1
44	Malaysia	5.0
45	Italy	4.9
46	Czech Republic	4.8
46	Kuwait	4.8
46	Lithuania	4.8
49	Latvia	4.7
49	Slovakia	4.7
51	South Africa	4.6
51	Tunisia	4.6
53	Dominica	4.5
54	Greece	4.4
55	Costa Rica	4.1
55	Namibia	4.1
57	Bulgaria	4.0
57	El Salvador	4.0
59	Colombia	3.9
60	Turkey	3.8
61	Jamaica	3.7
61	Poland	3.7
63	Lebanon	3.6
63	Seychelles	3.6
63	Thailand	3.6
66	Belize	3.5
66	Cuba	3.5
66	Grenada	3.5
69	Croatia	3.4
70	Brazil	3.3
70	China	3.3
70	Egypt	3.3
70	Ghana	3.3
70	India	3.3
70	Mexico	3.3
70	Peru	3.3
70	Saudi Arabia	3.3
70	Senegal	3.3
79	Burkina Faso	3.2
79	Lesotho	3.2
79	Moldova	3.2
79	Morocco	3.2
79	Trinidad and Tobago	3.2
84	Algeria	3.1
84	Madagascar	3.1
84	Mauritania	3.1
84	Panama	3.1
84	Romania	3.1
84	Sri Lanka	3.1
90	Gabon	3.0
90	Serbia	3.0
90	Suriname	3.0
93	Argentina	2.9
93	Armenia	2.9
93	Bosnia and Herzgegovina	2.9
93	Eritrea	2.9
93	Syria	2.9
93	Tanzania	2.9
99	Dominican Republic	2.8
99	Georgia	2.8
99	Mali	2.8
99	Mongolia	2.8
99	Mozambique	2.8
99	Ukraine	2.8
105	Bolivia	2.7
105	Iran	2.7
105	Libya	2.7
105	Macedonia	2.7
105	Malawi	2.7
105	Uganda	2.7
111	Albania	2.6
111	Guatemala	2.6
111	Kazakhstan	2.6
111	Laos	2.6
111	Nicaragua	2.6
111	Paraguay	2.6
111	Timor-Leste	2.6
111	Viet Nam	2.6
111	Yemen	2.6
111	Zambia	2.6
121	Benin	2.5
121	Gambia	2.5
121	Guyana	2.5
121	Honduras	2.5
121	Nepal	2.5
121	Phillipines	2.5
121	Russia	2.5
121	Rwanda	2.5
121	Swaziland	2.5
130	Azerbaijan	2.4
130	Burundi	2.4
130	Central African Republic	2.4
130	Ethiopia	2.4
130	Indonesia	2.4
130	Papua New Guinea	2.4
130	Togo	2.4
130	Zimbabwe	2.4
138	Cameroon	2.3
138	Ecuador	2.3
138	Niger	2.3
138	Venezuela	2.3
142	Angola	2.2
142	Congo, Republic	2.2
142	Kenya	2.2
142	Kyrgyzstan	2.2
142	Nigeria	2.2
142	Pakistan	2.2
142	Sierra Leone	2.2
142	Tajikistan	2.2
142	Turkmenistan	2.2
151	Belarus	2.1
151	Cambodia	2.1
151	Cote d’Ivoire	2.1
151	Equatorial Guinea	2.1
151	Uzbekistan	2.1
156	Bangladesh	2.0
156	Chad	2.0
156	Congo, Democratic Republic	2.0
156	Sudan	2.0
160	Guinea	1.9
160	Iraq	1.9
160	Myanmar	1.9
163	Haiti	1.8

Tablica 9. Doing business, osnivanje tvrtke, World Bank, 2006

Crveno - zemlje u tranziciji
Purporno - novih 12 članica EU, EU27
Plavo - zemlje članice EU, EU15

Region or Economy	Procedures (number)	Duration (days)	Cost (% GNI per capita)	Min. Capital (% GNI per capita)
OECD	6.2	16.6	5.3	36.1
Europe & Central Asia	9.4	32.0	14.1	53.9
South Asia	7.9	32.5	46.6	0.8
Middle East & North Africa	10.3	40.9	74.5	744.5
East Asia & Pacific	8.2	46.3	42.8	60.3
Sub-Saharan Africa	11.1	61.8	162.8	209.9
Latin America & Caribbean	10.2	73.3	48.1	18.1
Australia	2	2	1.8	0.0
Canada	2	3	0.9	0.0
Denmark	3	5	0.0	44.6
Iceland	5	5	3.1	15.9
United States	5	5	0.7	0.0
Singapore	6	6	0.8	0.0
Puerto Rico	7	7	0.8	0.0
Afghanistan	3	8	67.4	0.0
France	7	8	1.1	0.0
Jamaica	6	8	9.4	0.0
Portugal	8	8	4.3	38.7
Turkey	8	9	26.8	18.7
Netherlands	6	10	7.2	62.3
Hong Kong, China	5	11	3.3	0.0
Romania	5	11	4.4	0.0
Tunisia	10	11	9.3	28.3
Morocco	6	12	12.7	66.7
New Zealand	2	12	0.2	0.0
St. Vincent and the Grenadines	8	12	33.8	0.0
Italy	9	13	15.2	10.4
Maldives	5	13	18.1	6.6
Norway	4	13	2.5	25.1
Central African Republic	10	14	209.3	554.6
Finland	3	14	1.1	27.1
Ethiopia	7	16	45.9	1,083.8
Georgia	7	16	10.9	3.7
Latvia	5	16	3.5	26.1
Micronesia	7	16	135.9	0.0
Rwanda	9	16	188.3	0.0
Sweden	3	16	0.7	33.7
Marshall Islands	5	17	18.1	0.0
Jordan	11	18	73.0	864.4
Macedonia	10	18	7.4	112.0
Serbia	10	18	10.2	7.6
United Kingdom	6	18	0.7	0.0
Dominica	5	19	30.0	0.0
Egypt	10	19	68.8	694.7
Ireland	4	19	0.3	0.0
Panama	7	19	23.9	0.0
Kazakhstan	7	20	7.0	23.1
Mongolia	8	20	5.1	115.3
Switzerland	6	20	2.2	15.1
Antigua and Barbuda	7	21	12.5	0.0
Kiribati	6	21	50.0	27.0
Kyrgyz Republic	8	21	9.8	0.5
Madagascar	10	21	35.0	373.1
Korea	12	22	15.2	299.7
Comoros	11	23	192.3	291.7
Japan	8	23	7.5	0.0
Algeria	14	24	21.5	46.0
Armenia	9	24	5.1	3.3
Czech Republic	10	24	8.9	36.8
Germany	9	24	5.1	46.2
Montenegro	15	24	6.6	0.0
Niger	11	24	416.8	778.1
Pakistan	11	24	21.3	0.0
Slovakia	9	25	4.8	39.1
El Salvador	10	26	75.6	119.7
Lithuania	7	26	2.8	48.8
Sierra Leone	9	26	1,194.5	0.0
Belgium	4	27	5.8	21.8
Chile	9	27	9.8	0.0
Gambia	8	27	292.1	119.7
Mexico	8	27	14.2	12.5
Palau	8	28	4.9	13.1
Russia	7	28	2.7	3.4
Austria	9	29	5.6	59.6
Uzbekistan	8	29	14.1	24.7
Guatemala	13	30	52.1	26.4
Malaysia	9	30	19.7	0.0
Moldova	10	30	13.3	18.8
Tanzania	13	30	91.6	5.5
Uganda	17	30	114.0	0.0
Benin	7	31	173.3	379.1
Nepal	7	31	78.5	0.0
Poland	10	31	21.4	204.4
Argentina	15	32	12.1	5.6
Bulgaria	9	32	7.9	91.3
Tonga	4	32	10.3	0.0
Thailand	8	33	5.8	0.0
Ukraine	10	33	9.2	198.8
Burkina Faso	8	34	120.8	481.4
Israel	5	34	5.1	0.0
Oman	9	34	4.5	84.7
China	13	35	9.3	213.1
Estonia	6	35	5.1	34.3
India	11	35	73.7	0.0
Kuwait	13	35	1.6	100.8
Samoa	9	35	45.5	0.0
South Africa	9	35	6.9	0.0
Zambia	6	35	29.9	1.9
Bangladesh	8	37	87.6	0.0
Cameroon	12	37	152.2	187.3
Djibouti	11	37	222.0	571.4
Malawi	10	37	134.7	0.0
Greece	15	38	24.2	116.0
Hungary	6	38	20.9	74.2
Seychelles	9	38	9.1	0.0
Albania	11	39	22.4	36.7
Nicaragua	6	39	131.6	0.0
Saudi Arabia	13	39	58.6	1,057.5
Sudan	10	39	58.6	0.0
Vanuatu	8	39	61.3	0.0
St. Lucia	6	40	25.9	0.0
Mali	13	42	201.9	519.8
Burundi	11	43	222.4	0.0
Nigeria	9	43	54.4	29.0
Syria	12	43	21.1	4,233.5
Trinidad and Tobago	9	43	1.1	0.0
Uruguay	10	43	44.2	183.3
Colombia	13	44	19.8	0.0
Honduras	13	44	60.6	28.6
Belize	9	45	57.5	0.0
Côte d’Ivoire	11	45	134.1	226.7
Croatia	10	45	12.2	20.6
Fiji	8	46	25.8	0.0
Guyana	8	46	100.2	0.0
Lebanon	6	46	105.4	56.5
Mauritius	6	46	8.0	0.0
Iran	8	47	5.4	1.3
Spain	10	47	16.2	14.6
St. Kitts and Nevis	8	47	26.7	45.4
Philippines	11	48	18.7	1.8
Taiwan, China	8	48	4.6	200.0
Guinea	13	49	186.5	423.4
Bolivia	15	50	140.6	3.8
Sri Lanka	8	50	9.2	0.0
Vietnam	11	50	44.5	0.0
Cape Verde	12	52	45.6	60.7
Grenada	4	52	37.2	0.0
Azerbaijan	15	53	9.5	0.0
Togo	13	53	252.7	539.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	12	54	37.0	52.0
Kenya	13	54	46.3	0.0
Papua New Guinea	8	56	28.2	0.0
Solomon Islands	7	57	68.9	0.0
Senegal	10	58	112.6	269.6
Gabon	10	60	162.8	36.1
Slovenia	9	60	9.4	16.1
Swaziland	13	61	41.1	0.0
Bhutan	10	62	16.6	0.0
United Arab Emirates	12	63	36.4	338.2
Yemen	12	63	228.0	2,565.7
Ecuador	14	65	31.8	7.7
Tajikistan	14	67	75.1	378.6
Belarus	16	69	26.1	36.4
Congo, Rep.	8	71	214.8	192.4
Peru	10	72	32.5	0.0
Dominican Republic	10	73	30.2	1.1
Lesotho	8	73	39.9	15.7
Paraguay	17	74	136.8	0.0
Chad	19	75	226.1	414.1
Eritrea	13	76	115.9	449.8
Costa Rica	11	77	23.5	0.0
Iraq	11	77	67.6	57.1
Ghana	12	81	49.6	23.2
Mauritania	11	82	121.6	632.0
Cambodia	10	86	236.4	66.2
Timor-Leste	10	92	83.3	666.7
West Bank and Gaza	12	93	324.7	1,889.6
Namibia	10	95	18.0	0.0
Zimbabwe	10	96	35.6	53.0
Indonesia	12	97	86.7	83.4
Botswana	11	108	10.6	0.0
Mozambique	13	113	85.7	10.4
Angola	13	124	486.7	74.1
Equatorial Guinea	20	136	100.7	13.1
Venezuela	16	141	25.4	0.0
São Tomé and Principe	10	144	147.2	0.0
Brazil	17	152	9.9	0.0
Congo, Dem. Rep.	13	155	481.1	177.3
Lao PDR	8	163	17.3	0.0
Haiti	12	203	127.7	124.7
Guinea-Bissau	17	233	261.2	1,028.9
Suriname	13	694	153.8	1.4

Tablica 10. Human Development Index (HDI), UNDP, 2005

Crveno - zemlje u tranziciji
Purporno - novih 12 članica EU, EU27
Plavo - zemlje članice EU, EU15

HDI rank	HDI rank	HDI rank
High human development	Medium human development	Low human development
1 Norway	58 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya	113 Bolivia	146 Madagascar
2 Iceland	59 Macedonia	114 Mongolia	147 Swaziland
3 Australia	60 Antigua and Barbuda	115 Moldova	148 Cameroon
4 Luxembourg	61 Malaysia	116 Honduras	149 Lesotho
5 Canada	62 Russia	117 Guatemala	150 Djibouti
6 Sweden	63 Brazil	118 Vanuatu	151 Yemen
7 Switzerland	64 Romania	119 Egypt	152 Mauritania
8 Ireland	65 Mauritius	120 South Africa	153 Haiti
9 Belgium	66 Grenada	121 Equatorial Guinea	154 Kenya
10 United States	67 Belarus	122 Tajikistan	155 Gambia
11 Japan	68 Bosnia and Herzegovina	123 Gabon	156 Guinea
12 Netherlands	69 Colombia	124 Morocco	157 Senegal
13 Finland	70 Dominica	125 Namibia	158 Nigeria
14 Denmark	71 Oman	126 São Tomé and Principe	159 Rwanda
15 United Kingdom	72 Albania	127 India	160 Angola
16 France	73 Thailand	128 Solomon Islands	161 Eritrea
17 Austria	74 Samoa (Western)	129 Myanmar	162 Benin
18 Italy	75 Venezuela	130 Cambodia	163 Côte d’Ivoire
19 New Zealand	76 Saint Lucia	131 Botswana	164 Tanzania, U. Rep. of
20 Germany	77 Saudi Arabia	132 Comoros	165 Malawi
21 Spain	78 Ukraine	133 Lao People’s Dem. Rep.	166 Zambia
22 Hong Kong, China (SAR)	79 Peru	134 Bhutan	167 Congo, Dem. Rep. of the
23 Israel	80 Kazakhstan	135 Pakistan	168 Mozambique
24 Greece	81 Lebanon	136 Nepal	169 Burundi
25 Singapore	82 Ecuador	137 Papua New Guinea	170 Ethiopia
26 Slovenia	83 Armenia	138 Ghana	171 Central African Republic
27 Portugal	84 Philippines	139 Bangladesh	172 Guinea-Bissau
28 Korea, Rep. of	85 China	140 Timor-Leste	173 Chad
29 Cyprus	86 Suriname	141 Sudan	174 Mali
30 Barbados	87 Saint Vincent	142 Congo	175 Burkina Faso
31 Czech Republic	88 Paraguay	143 Togo	176 Sierra Leone
32 Malta	89 Tunisia	144 Uganda	177 Niger
33 Brunei Darussalam	90 Jordan	145 Zimbabwe
34 Argentina	91 Belize
35 Hungary	92 Fiji
36 Poland	93 Sri Lanka
37 Chile	94 Turkey
38 Estonia	95 Dominican Republic
39 Lithuania	96 Maldives
40 Qatar	97 Turkmenistan
41 United Arab Emirates	98 Jamaica
42 Slovakia	99 Iran, Islamic Rep. of
43 Bahrain	100 Georgia
44 Kuwait	101 Azerbaijan
45 Croatia	102 Palestinian Territories
46 Uruguay	103 Algeria
47 Costa Rica	104 El Salvador
48 Latvia	105 Cape Verde
49 Saint Kitts and Nevis	106 Syrian Arab Republic
50 Bahamas	107 Guyana
51 Seychelles	108 Viet Nam
52 Cuba	109 Kyrgyzstan
53 Mexico	110 Indonesia
54 Tonga	111 Uzbekistan
55 Bulgaria	112 Nicaragua
56 Panama
57 Trinidad and Tobago

Linkovi

World Bank:

• Country Assistance Strategy progress report, 2001
• Country Assistance Strategy progress report, 2004