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| Redak 19: |
Redak 19: |
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| | [[Slika:slika1l.gif]] [[Slika:slika1d.gif]] | | [[Slika:slika1l.gif]] [[Slika:slika1d.gif]] |
| − |
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| | '''Slike 1-2'''. Potražnja raste (krajnje lijevo), novi se kapaciteti ne grade (NIMBY), stari se zatvaraju jer ne zadovoljavaju sve strože propise (lijevo), neki kapaciteti ne rade zbog toga što su potrošili emisione kvote, proizvodna cijena vrtoglavo raste (desno), a prodajna cijena je zamrznuta. Rezultat - kolaps. | | '''Slike 1-2'''. Potražnja raste (krajnje lijevo), novi se kapaciteti ne grade (NIMBY), stari se zatvaraju jer ne zadovoljavaju sve strože propise (lijevo), neki kapaciteti ne rade zbog toga što su potrošili emisione kvote, proizvodna cijena vrtoglavo raste (desno), a prodajna cijena je zamrznuta. Rezultat - kolaps. |
| Redak 209: |
Redak 208: |
| | '''Tablica 2.''' Predviđena potrošnja električne energije u Hrvatskoj (diplomski Franjo Juretić prema podacima iz Nacionalnih programa) - uočljivo je značajno pretjerivanje što se broja stanovnika tiče | | '''Tablica 2.''' Predviđena potrošnja električne energije u Hrvatskoj (diplomski Franjo Juretić prema podacima iz Nacionalnih programa) - uočljivo je značajno pretjerivanje što se broja stanovnika tiče |
| | | | |
| − | <html><head><title>OSNOVE ENERGETIKE - Digitalni udzbenik</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1250"></head><frameset rows="130,*" cols="*" framespacing="0" frameborder="NO"><frame src="header.html" name="header" scrolling="NO"><frame src="1_poglavlje/1_poglavlje.htm" name="glavni"></frameset><noframes><body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000"></body></noframes></html>
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| − | |align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Poredak'''
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| − | |align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Zemlja'''
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| − | |align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''OSCE'''
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| − | |align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''CE'''
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| − | |align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''PfP'''
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| − | |align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''WTO'''
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| − | |align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''AA, SAA,<br>PCA, IA'''
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| − | |align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''CEFTA'''
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| − | |align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Akcesija'''<br>'''''EU'''''
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| − | |align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''OECD'''
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| − | |align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''NATO'''
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| − | |align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" rowspan = "2"|''' ''total'''''
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| − | |align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "8"|'''Poredak'''
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| − | |align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''2006'''
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| − | |align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''2005'''
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| − | |align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''2004'''
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| − | |align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''2003'''
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| − | |align = "right" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''2002'''
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| − | |align = "right" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''2001'''
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| − | |align = "right" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''2000'''
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| − | |align = "right" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''1999'''
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| − | |align = "center"|73<font color="#FF0000"><nowiki>+</nowiki>10€</font>
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| − | |align = "center"|<font color="#FF0000">105</font>
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| − | |align = "center"|73
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| − | |align = "center"|<font color="#FF0000">73</font>
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|5
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| − | |align = "center"|<font color="#FF0000">95</font>
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| − | |align = "center"|4
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| − | |align = "center"|<font color="#FF0000">73</font>
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|5
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| − | |align = "center"|<font color="#FF0000">95</font>
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| − | |align = "center"|4
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|73
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|5
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| − | |align = "center"|91
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| − | |align = "right"|6.
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| − | |align = "right"|9.
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| − | |bgcolor = "#FFFF00"| Litva
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| − | |align = "center"|1
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| − | |align = "center"|2
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| − | |align = "center"|2
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| − | |align = "center"|4
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| − | |align = "center"|4
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|73
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|5
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| − | |align = "center"|91
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| − | |align = "right"|7.
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| − | |bgcolor = "#FFFF00"| Estonija
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|73
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|5
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| − | |align = "center"|91
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| − | |bgcolor = "#FFFF00"| Moldova
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| − | |bgcolor = "#FFFF00"|<font color="#FF0000"> Crna Gora</font>
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| − | |align = "center"|<font color="#FF0000">11</font>
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| − | |bgcolor = "#FFFF00"| Srbija
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| − | |align = "center"|1
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| − | |align = "center"|2
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| − | |align = "center"|<font color="#FF0000">2</font>
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| − | |align = "center"|1
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| − | |align = "center"|<font color="#FF0000">4</font>
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|<font color="#FF0000">10</font>
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| − | |align = "right"|27.
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| − | |align = "center"|27.
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| − | |align = "center"|27.
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| − | |align = "center"|26.
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| − | |align = "center"|27.
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| − | |align = "center"|27.
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| − | |align = "center"|27.
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| − | |-
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| − | |align = "right"|20.
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| − | |bgcolor = "#FFFF00"| Kirgistan
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| − | |align = "center"|1
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|2
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| − | |align = "center"|4
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| − | |align = "center"|2
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|9
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| − | |align = "right"|17.
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| − | |align = "center"|11.
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| − | |bgcolor = "#FFFF00"| Rusija
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| − | |align = "center"|1
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| − | |align = "center"|2
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| − | |align = "center"|2
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| − | |align = "center"|1
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| − | |align = "center"|2
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|8
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| − | |align = "right"|18.
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| − | |bgcolor = "#FFFF00"| Ukrajina
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| − | |align = "center"|1
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| − | |align = "center"|2
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| − | |align = "center"|1
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|8
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| − | |align = "right"|19.
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| − | |align = "center"|15.
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| − | |bgcolor = "#FFFF00"| Azerbejdžan
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| − | |align = "center"|1
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| − | |align = "center"|2
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| − | |align = "center"|2
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| − | |align = "center"|1
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|8
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| − | |align = "right"|20.
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| − | |bgcolor = "#FFFF00"| Kazakstan
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| − | |align = "center"|2
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| − | |align = "center"|1
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| − | |align = "center"|2
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|6
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| − | |align = "right"|21.
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| − | |align = "center"|21.
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| − | |align = "center"|19.
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| − | |align = "center"|20.
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| − | |-
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| − | |align = "right"|25.
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| − | |bgcolor = "#FFFF00"| Uzbekistan
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| − | |align = "center"|1
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|2
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| − | |align = "center"|1
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|6
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| − | |align = "right"|22.
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| − | |align = "center"|22.
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| − | |align = "center"|22.
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| − | |align = "center"|22.
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| − | |align = "center"|21.
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| − | |-
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| − | |align = "right"|26.
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| − | |bgcolor = "#FFFF00"| Mongolija
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|4
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| − | |align = "center"|1
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|5
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| − | |align = "right"|23.
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| − | |align = "center"|23.
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| − | |align = "center"|23.
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |-
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| − | |align = "right"|27.
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| − | |bgcolor = "#FFFF00"| Tadžikistan
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| − | |align = "center"|1
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|2
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| − | |align = "center"|1
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|5
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| − | |align = "right"|25.
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| − | |align = "center"|25.
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| − | |align = "center"|25.
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| − | |align = "center"|24.
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| − | |align = "center"|24.
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| − | |align = "center"|26.
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| − | |align = "center"|26.
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| − | |-
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| − | |align = "right"|28.
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| − | |bgcolor = "#FFFF00"| Belarus
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| − | |align = "center"|1
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|2
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| − | |align = "center"|1
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|4
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| − | |align = "right"|24.
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| − | |align = "center"|24.
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| − | |align = "center"|24.
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| − | |align = "center"|23.
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| − | |align = "center"|18.
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| − | |-
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| − | |align = "right"|29.
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| − | |bgcolor = "#FFFF00"| Turkmenistan
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| − | |align = "center"|1
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|2
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| − | |align = "center"|3
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| − | |align = "right"|28.
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| − | |align = "center"|28.
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| − | |align = "center"|28.
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| − | |align = "center"|27.
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| − | |align = "center"|26.
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| − | |align = "center"|24.
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| − | |align = "center"|24.
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| − | |align = "center"|23.
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| − | |-
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| − | |}
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ===Planiranje elektroekonomskog sustava===
| |
| − | [[Image:Crta.jpg]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | ====Vertikalno integrirani sustav====
| |
| − | [[Image:Crta.jpg]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''Potrošnja električne energije'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | * <font face="Arial">u prethodnom dijelu napravljena su predviđanja potrebe za električnom energijom - nije dovoljno imati sumarne podatke za promjenu godišnje potrošnje u promatranom periodu, nego je potrebno imati '''očekivanu potrošnju za svaki trenutak u promatranom razdoblju''' (dakle 20-30 godina)</font>
| |
| − | * <font face="Arial">potrebno je znati '''godišnje vršno opterećenje''' (tj. najveće satno opterećenje tijekom cijele godine), '''vršno opterećenje za svaki mjesec''' tijekom promatranog razdoblja, te '''LDC krivulje''' za svaki mjesec tijekom promatranog razdoblja (LDC krivulje daju raspored opterećenja tijekom mjeseca)</font>
| |
| − | | |
| − |
| |
| − | | |
| − | {| width="100%"
| |
| − | | width="6%" |
| |
| − | | width="85%" |
| |
| − | [[Image:prfi21.gif|center|thumb|750px]]<br /><font face="Arial">'''Slika 5'''. Dijagram vršnog opterećenja EES-a Hrvatske uz 5% godišnji rast (diplomski Franjo Juretić)</font>
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | [[Image:prfi22.gif]]<br /><font face="Arial">'''Slika 6'''. Nesređeni - sređeni dijagram opterećenja. Da bi se moglo odrediti kako će se i kojim elektranama pokriti konzum električne energije potrebno je poznavati LDC-krivulje (sređene dijagrame opterećenja). Ove krivulje govore o tome koliko se sati javlja određeno opterećenje unutar jednog mjeseca. Krivulje su dobivene sređivanjem satnih opterećenja EES po veličini, na bazi rezultata mjerenja satne potrošnje tijekom mjeseca u višegodišnjem razdoblju. Za hrvatski elektroenergetski sustav predviđa se u budućnosti još dodatno izravnavanje ovih krivulja zbog aktivnijih mjera upravljanja potrošnjom. (diplomski Franjo Juretić)</font>
| |
| − | | width="6%" |
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | | |
| − | {| width="100%"
| |
| − | | width="100%" |
| |
| − | <br />
| |
| − | '''Postojeće stanje proizvodnih kapaciteta'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | <font face="Arial">Treba poznavati </font>
| |
| − | | |
| − | * <font face="Arial">postojeće kapacitete za proizvodnju električne energije</font>
| |
| − | * <font face="Arial">vrijeme izlaska iz pogona pojedinih elektrana</font>
| |
| − | * <font face="Arial">dijapazon opterećenja svake elektrane na kojem može raditi</font>
| |
| − | * <font face="Arial">efikasnost svake elektrane</font>
| |
| − | * <font face="Arial">remontno vrijeme svake elektrane</font>
| |
| − | * <font face="Arial">cijene održavanja svake elektrane</font>
| |
| − | | |
| − | <font face="Arial"><br /><br /> </font>
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | | |
| − | {| width="100%"
| |
| − | | width="1%" |
| |
| − | | width="81%" |
| |
| − | <font face="Arial">'''Tablica 3'''. Instalirani kapaciteti, podaci prema HEP-u, </font>[http://www.hep.hr/cro/htmls/op/op4.html <font size="2" face="Arial">http://www.hep.hr/publikacije/ElectricityData2002.pdf</font>]
| |
| − | | |
| − |
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | | |
| − | {| width="99%" border="1"
| |
| − | | rowspan="3" width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | '''<font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"> HIDROELEKTRANE</font>'''
| |
| − | | colspan="2" width="8%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | '''<font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">RASPOLOŽIVA SNAGA</font>'''
| |
| − | | rowspan="3" width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | '''<font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">TEHNIČKI <br />MINIMUM<br />(MW)</font>'''
| |
| − | | rowspan="3" width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | '''<font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">TIP<br />ELEKTRANE</font>'''
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | '''<font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">GENERATOR</font>'''
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | '''<font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">UKUPNO</font>'''
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | '''<font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">(MW)</font>'''
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | '''<font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">(MW)</font>'''
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"> HE SENJ</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">3*72</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">216</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">3*33</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">AKUMULACIJSKA</font>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"> HE SKLOPE</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">1*22.5</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">22.5</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"></font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">AKUMULACIJSKA</font>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"> HE VINODOL</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">3*28</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">84</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"></font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">AKUMULACIJSKA</font>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"> CHE FUŽINE</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">4/(-4.2)</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">4/-4.2</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"></font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">AKUMULACIJSKA</font>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"> HE PERUČA</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">2*20.8</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">41.6</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">5</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">AKUMULACIJSKA</font>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"> HE ORLOVAC</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">3*79</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">237</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">50</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">AKUMULACIJSKA</font>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"> CS BUŠKO BLATO</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">11.3/(-10.3)</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">11.3/-10.3</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">0.81</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">AKUMULACIJSKA</font>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"> HE ZAKUČAC</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">2*108 2*135</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">486</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">50+80</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">AKUMULACIJSKA</font>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"> RHE VELEBIT</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">2*138/(-120)</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">276/-240</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">80</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">AKUMULACIJSKA</font>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"> HE DUBROVNIK</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">2*108</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">216</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">50</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">AKUMULACIJSKA</font>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"> HE ĐALE</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">2*20.4</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">40.8</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">6</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">AKUMULACIJSKA</font>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"> HE KRALJEVAC</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">12.8+2*20.8+4.8</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">59.2</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">1</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">AKUMULACIJSKA</font>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"> HE RIJEKA</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">2*18</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">36</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">2*9</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">PROTOČNA</font>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"> HE MILJACKA</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">4.8+3*6.4</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">24</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">1</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">PROTOČNA</font>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"> HE GOLUBIĆ</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">2*3.27</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">6.5</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">1</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">PROTOČNA</font>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"> HE GOJAK</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">3*16</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">48</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">3*2</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">PROTOČNA</font>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"> HE VARAŽDIN</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">2*43</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">86</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">2*18</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">PROTOČNA</font>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"> HE ČAKOVEC</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">2*40.3</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">80.6</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">2*15</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">PROTOČNA</font>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"> HE DUBRAVA</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">2*40.3</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">80.6</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">2*15</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">PROTOČNA</font>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"> HE OZALJ</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">2*1+1*0.8+2*1.1</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">5</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" | <font size="2" face="Arial"> </font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">PROTOČNA</font>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"> MALE HE (7)</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">11,6/(-1.5)</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">11,6/-1.5</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" | <font size="2" face="Arial"> </font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">PROTOČNA</font>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"> HE BIOLOŠKOG<br /> MINIMUMA (3)</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">3.4</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">3.4</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" | <font size="2" face="Arial"> </font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">PROTOČNA</font>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"> '''U K U P N O''' HE</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" | <font size="2" face="Arial"> </font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">2076.1/-256</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" | <font size="2" face="Arial"> </font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | colspan="5" width="24%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"> CS: crpna stanica CHE: crpna HE RHE: reverzibilna HE</font>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | colspan="5" width="24%" align="left" | <font size="2" face="Arial"> </font>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | rowspan="3" width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"> TERMOELEKTRANE</font>
| |
| − | | colspan="2" width="8%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">RASPOLOŽIVA SNAGA</font>
| |
| − | | rowspan="3" width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">TEHNIČKI MINIMUM<br />(MW)</font>
| |
| − | | rowspan="3" width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">GORIVO</font>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">GENERATOR</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">PRAG</font>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">(MW)</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">(MW)</font>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"> TE PLOMIN I</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">105</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">98</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">60</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">ugljen</font>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"> TE PLOMIN II*</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">210</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">192</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">90</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">ugljen</font>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"> TE RIJEKA</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">320</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">303</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">90</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">l.ulje</font>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"> TE SISAK</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">2*210</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">396</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">90+90</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">l.ulje/p.plin</font>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"> TE-TO ZAGREB</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">25+120</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">135</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">12+60</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">l.ulje/p.plin</font>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"> EL-TO ZAGREB</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">12,5+32+52</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">83</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">3.5+5.5+2*1</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">l.ulje/p.plin</font>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"> KTE JERTOVEC</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">2*42,5</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">83</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">8+8</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">p.plin/ELU</font>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"> PTE OSIJEK</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">2*25</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">48</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">1+1</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">p.plin/ELU</font>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"> TE-TO OSIJEK</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">45</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">42</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">10</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">l.ulje/p.plin</font>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"> NE KRŠKO(50%)</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">332</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">316</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">16</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">UO2</font>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"> INTERVENTNE DIESEL<br /> (4)</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">34.8</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">34.8</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" | <font size="2" face="Arial"> </font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">D2</font>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"> INTERVENTNE PLINSKE<br /> (1)</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">13.5</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">13.5</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" | <font size="2" face="Arial"> </font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">2GT</font>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"> '''U K U P N O''' TE+NE</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">1856.8</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">1744.3</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" | <font size="2" face="Arial"> </font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | colspan="5" width="24%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"> l.ulje: loživo ulje p.plin: prirodni plin ELU: extralako ulje </font>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | colspan="5" width="24%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"> UO2: uranov oksid D2/2GT: specijalna ulja za pogon interventnih elektrana</font>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" bgcolor="#ffffae" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"> '''U K U P N O''' HE+TE+NE</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" | <font size="2" face="Arial"> </font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">3820.4</font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" | <font size="2" face="Arial"> </font>
| |
| − | | width="20%" align="left" |
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | colspan="5" width="24%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial"><nowiki>* TE Plomin II - blok, u kojem je HEP 50 %-tni vlasnik, u fazi testiranja </nowiki></font>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | colspan="5" width="24%" align="left" |
| |
| − | <font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">Napomena: U tablici nisu prikazane neraspoložive termoelektrane u drugim državama, ukupnesnage 650 MW; TE Obrenovac (300 MW) u Srbiji, te TE Tuzla (200 MW),TE Kakanj (50 MW) i TE Gacko (100 MW) u Bosni i Hercegovini.</font>
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | | |
| − | {| width="100%"
| |
| − | | width="100%" |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | | |
| − |
| |
| | |} | | |} |
| | + | {| border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="814"<tbody> |
| | + | | width="13" | |
| | + | | width="781" | |
| | + | {| bordercolordark="#808000" bordercolorlight="#808000" border="1" bordercolor="#808000" cellspacing="1" width="100%"<tbody> |
| | + | | rowspan="2" bgcolor="#003399" height="14" valign="top" width="19%" | |
| | + | | colspan="7" bgcolor="#99ccff" height="14" valign="middle" width="81%" | <h1 align="center"><font face="Arial" size="4">Predviđena potrošnja |
| | + | električne energije u Hrvatskoj</font></h1> |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | colspan="7" bgcolor="#99ccff" height="14" valign="top" width="81%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">TWh</font></p> |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | bgcolor="#ccccff" height="14" valign="top" width="19%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="3">Gospodarski |
| | + | sektor</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">2000</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">2005</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">2010</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">2015</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">2020</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">2025</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">2030</font></p> |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | bgcolor="#ccccff" height="14" valign="top" width="19%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="3">Poljoprivreda</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">0.09</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">0.10</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">0.12</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">0.15</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">0.18</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">0.23</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">0.26</font></p> |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | bgcolor="#ccccff" height="14" valign="top" width="19%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="3">Graditeljstvo</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">0.11</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">0.16</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">0.21</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">0.28</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">0.35</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">0.45</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">0.52</font></p> |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | bgcolor="#ccccff" height="14" valign="top" width="19%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="3">Industrija</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">4.08</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">5.28</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">6.69</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">7.95</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">9.01</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">9.64</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">10.32</font></p> |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | bgcolor="#ccccff" height="14" valign="top" width="19%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="3">Promet</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">0.42</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">0.48</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">0.58</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">0.69</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">0.79</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">0.90</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">0.97</font></p> |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | bgcolor="#ccccff" height="14" valign="top" width="19%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="3">Kućanstva</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">5.62</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">6.18</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">6.52</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">6.97</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">7.43</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">7.97</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">8.37</font></p> |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | bgcolor="#ccccff" height="14" valign="top" width="19%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="3">Usluge</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">3.02</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">3.97</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">4.97</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">5.90</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">6.82</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">7.98</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">8.98</font></p> |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | bgcolor="#ccccff" height="14" valign="top" width="19%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="3">Neposredna |
| | + | potrošnja</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">13.34</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">16.16</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">19.10</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">21.93</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">24.59</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">27.16</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">29.42</font></p> |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | bgcolor="#ccccff" height="14" valign="top" width="19%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="3">Energetika</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">1.00</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">1.26</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">1.47</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">1.67</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">1.92</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">2.23</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">2.23</font></p> |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | bgcolor="#ccccff" height="14" valign="top" width="19%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="3">Gubici</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">2.25</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">2.48</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">2.65</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">2.76</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">2.52</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">2.22</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">2.14</font></p> |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | bgcolor="#ccccff" height="14" valign="top" width="19%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="3"><strong>Ukupna |
| | + | potrošnja</strong></font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2"><strong>16.60</strong></font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2"><strong>19.91</strong></font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2"><strong>23.21</strong></font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2"><strong>26.37</strong></font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2"><strong>29.03</strong></font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2"><strong>31.61</strong></font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2"><strong>33.79</strong></font></p> |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | align="center" bgcolor="#ccccff" | <font face="Arial" size="3">Porast |
| | + | potrošnje</font> |
| | + | | align="center" | |
| | + | | align="center" | <font color="#ff0000" face="Arial" size="2">3.1%</font> |
| | + | | align="center" | <font color="#ff0000" face="Arial" size="2">2.7%</font> |
| | + | | align="center" | <font color="#ff0000" face="Arial" size="2">2.3%</font> |
| | + | | align="center" | <font color="#ff0000" face="Arial" size="2">1.8%</font> |
| | + | | align="center" | <font color="#ff0000" face="Arial" size="2">1.6%</font> |
| | + | | align="center" | <font color="#ff0000" face="Arial" size="2">1.3%</font> |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | bgcolor="#ccccff" height="14" valign="top" width="19%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="3">Stanovnici </font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">4777000</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">4823000</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">4838000</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">4842000</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">4857000</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">4870000</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">4870000</font></p> |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | bgcolor="#ccccff" height="14" valign="top" width="19%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="3">GDP/stan. $</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">4794</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">6250</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">7971</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">10056</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">12664</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">15741</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">19618</font></p> |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | bgcolor="#ccccff" height="14" valign="top" width="19%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="3">kWh/stan.</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">3474</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">4128</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">4797</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">5445</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">5975</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">6491</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">6938</font></p> |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | bgcolor="#ccccff" height="14" valign="top" width="19%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="3">Vlastita potrošnja |
| | + | HEP</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">0.60</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">0.71</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">0.81</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">0.92</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">1.01</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">1.11</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">1.11</font></p> |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | bgcolor="#ccccff" height="14" valign="top" width="19%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="3">Kogeneracija</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">0.99</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">1.45</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">2.04</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">2.47</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">2.81</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">2.79</font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2">3.04</font></p> |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | bgcolor="#ccccff" height="14" valign="top" width="19%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="3"><strong>HEP</strong></font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2"><strong>15.01</strong></font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2"><strong>17.75</strong></font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2"><strong>20.36</strong></font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2"><strong>22.98</strong></font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2"><strong>25.20</strong></font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2"><strong>27.71</strong></font></p> |
| | + | | height="14" valign="top" width="12%" | <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2"><strong>29.64</strong> |
| | | | |
| − | {| width="100%"
| |
| − | | width="1%" |
| |
| − | | width="81%" | <font size="3" face="Arial">''' '''</font><font face="Arial">'''Tablica 4'''. Godine izlaska iz pogona postojećih termoelektrana </font>
| |
| − | |}
| |
| | | | |
| − | {| width="100%"
| |
| − | | width="1%" |
| |
| − | | width="68%" |
| |
| − | <br />
| |
| − |
| |
| − | {| width="520" border="1" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="2"
| |
| − | | width="50%" bgcolor="#6699ff" |
| |
| − | <font size="4" face="Arial">'''Elektrana'''</font>
| |
| − | | width="50%" bgcolor="#6699ff" |
| |
| − | <font size="4" face="Arial">'''Godina izlaska iz pogona'''</font>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | width="50%" bgcolor="#ccccff" | <font face="Arial">TE Plomin 1</font>
| |
| − | | width="50%" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
| |
| − | <font face="Arial">2015</font>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | width="50%" bgcolor="#ccccff" | <font face="Arial">EL-TO Zagreb blok 2</font>
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| − | <font face="Arial">2010</font>
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| − | | width="50%" bgcolor="#ccccff" | <font face="Arial">TE Rijeka</font>
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| − | <font face="Arial">2015</font>
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| − | | width="50%" bgcolor="#ccccff" | <font face="Arial">TE-TO Zagreb blok 3</font>
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| − | <font face="Arial">2010</font>
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| − | | width="50%" bgcolor="#ccccff" | <font face="Arial">TE-TO Osijek</font>
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| − | <font face="Arial">2015</font>
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| − | | width="50%" bgcolor="#ccccff" | <font face="Arial">TE Sisak 1</font>
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| − | <font face="Arial">2010</font>
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| − | | width="50%" bgcolor="#ccccff" | <font face="Arial">TE Sisak 2</font>
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| − | <font face="Arial">2014</font>
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| − | | width="50%" bgcolor="#ccccff" | <font face="Arial">PTE Osijek</font>
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| − | <font face="Arial">2011</font>
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| − | | width="50%" bgcolor="#ccccff" | <font face="Arial">PTE Jertovec</font>
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| − | <font face="Arial">2012</font>
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| − | | width="50%" bgcolor="#ccccff" | <font face="Arial">TE-TO Zagreb blok 1</font>
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| − | <font face="Arial">2009</font>
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| − | '''Kandidati za izgradnju'''
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| − | * <font face="Arial">treba znati '''dostupna goriva''', te '''potencijalne lokacije'''</font>
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| − | * <font face="Arial">treba procijeniti '''optimalne veličine blokova''' za izgradnju</font>
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| − | * <font face="Arial">treba na temelju tržišnih informacija procijeniti cijenu investicije, održavanja, efikasnosti, remontnog vremena za svaki od potencijalnih elektrana</font>
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| − | * <font face="Arial">dobro je uzeti u obzir različite veličine blokova, recimo CC blokove 100 MW, 200 MW i 300 MW, elektrane na ugljen od 300 MW i 500 MW, nuklearke od 600 MW i 1000 MW, itd. </font>
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| − | * <font face="Arial">treba uzeti u obzir one elektrane koje će se eventualno graditi zbog posebnih razloga, poput '''hidroelektrana''', vjetroelektrana, '''kogeneracija''' - usporedbom cijene električne energije te se elektrane vjerojatno ne bi gradile, ali često postoje drugi razlozi zašto je društveno isplatljivo ih graditi</font>
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| − | * <font face="Arial">treba uzeti u obzir '''cijenu električne energije iz uvoza'''</font>
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| − | <font face="Arial">'''Slika 7'''. Mapa potencijalnih lokacija za elektrane na ugljen. (diplomski Franjo Juretić)</font>
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| − | [[Image:prfi41a.gif|thumb|290px]]<br /><br />
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| − | <font face="Arial">'''Slika 8'''. Mapa potencijalnih lokacija za elektrane na plin. (diplomski Franjo Juretić)</font>
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| − | [[Image:prfi42a.gif|thumb|290px]]<br />
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| − | <font face="Arial">'''Slika 9'''. Mapa potencijalnih lokacija za nuklearne elektrane. (diplomski Franjo Juretić)</font>
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| − | '''Sigurnosni uvjeti - rezerve snage'''
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| − | * <font face="Arial">da bi se izbjeglo iskakanje EES-a potrebno je imati jednu količinu '''rezervnih kapaciteta''' u mreži</font>
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| − | * <font face="Arial">obično se zahtjeva da je moguće pokriti '''vršno opterećenje '''i kada su dvije najveće jedinice izvan pogona, tzv. uvjet '''N-2'''</font>
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| − | * <font face="Arial">može se zadati kao uvjet da je vršno opterećenje moguće pokriti s najvećom jedinicom izvan pogona, tzv. N-1 uvjet - prilično slaba kvaliteta opskrbe, jer kada je ta najveća jedinica u remontu nema nikakve rezerve</font>
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| − | * <font face="Arial">za veće elektroenergetske sustave obično se postavlja uvjet '''rezervne snage''' od barem '''15%''' (uvijek pa i u trenutku remonta najveće jedinice) - taj zahtjev nema smisla ako je 15% veće nego dvije najveće jedinice (Litva, gdje je svaki blok nuklearke 50% EES-a - Litva mora imati rezervu od 100% snage)</font>
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| − | * <font face="Arial">za pokrivanje čitavog spektra treba uvijek poštovati oba uvjeta, N-2 i 15%</font>
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| − | * <font face="Arial">dodatno treba voditi računa o geografskoj raspodjeli proizvodnih ili uvoznih kapaciteta, tako da u slučaju pada jednog dijela mreže, raspad bude lokaliziran na najmanjem mogućem prostoru - izvore treba jednoliko raspodijeliti koliko je to moguće, te ih staviti barem na dva dalekovoda</font>
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| − | '''Optimizacija'''
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| − | * <font face="Arial">na temelju predviđene potrošnje, postojećih te potencijalnih kapaciteta za proizvodnju električne energije, radi se '''minimizacija cijene električne energije u sustavu''' za promatrani period</font>
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| − | * <font face="Arial">predviđa se gradnja onih kapaciteta koji su potrebni da bi zadovoljili potražnju snage + potrebnu rezervu, s minimalnom cijenom električne energije</font>
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| − | * <font face="Arial">minimizacija će automatski dati i korištenje starih kapaciteta, te uvoza</font>
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| − | * <font face="Arial">o gradnji novog kapaciteta odlučuje se prema '''ukupnoj cijeni električne energije '''tijekom čitavog vijeka </font>
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| − | * <font face="Arial">kada je već elektrana izgrađena, '''redoslijed uključivanja''' elektrana, za pokrivanje opterećenja, određuje se prema '''varijabilnom trošku''', trenutno je to u Hrvatskoj - voda, ugljen, uvoz, plin, nafta</font>
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| − | * <font face="Arial">kako vode obično nema dovoljno za rad u baznom režimu, onda se dodatno '''optimiraju vodni potencijali''' - voda se koristi u vršnom režimu, iako je najjeftinija, prema godišnjoj minimizaciji cijene električne energije u cijelom EES-u</font>
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| − | * <font face="Arial">dakle, u Hrvatskoj će '''ugljen + uvoz''' trenutno pokrivati '''bazno opterećenje''', a '''voda''' i eventualno koliko treba plin i mazut pokrivati '''vršna opterećenja'''</font>
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| − | * <font face="Arial">situacija bi bila drugačija kada bi cijena nafte pala ispod 15 USD/barelu jer bi tada mazut mogao ići u baznom opterećenju</font>
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| − | * <font face="Arial">optimizacija se može raditi npr. pomoću programa ENPEP (modula Electricity)</font>
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| − | [[Image:prfi44a.gif|center|thumb|350px]]
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| − | '''Slika 10'''. Gradnja elektrana u Hrvatskoj prema scenariju Hrvoja Požara. (diplomski Franjo Juretić)
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| − | [[Image:prfi46a.gif|center|thumb|350px]]
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| − | '''Slika 11'''. Gradnja elektrane prema scenariju sada i uskoro vjerojatno dostupne količine plina (ruski + talijanski). (diplomski Franjo Juretić)
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| − | [[Image:prfi48a.gif|center|thumb|350px]]
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| − | '''Slika 12'''. Gradnja elektrane prema scenariju skupog plina (koji snosi troškove izgradnje mreže plinovoda). (diplomski Franjo Juretić)
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| − | [[Image:prfi50a.gif|center|thumb|350px]]
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| − | '''Slika 13'''. Gradnja elektrana prema uvjetu minimizacije stakleničkih emisija i Kyoto Protokola. (diplomski Franjo Juretić)
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| − | <font face="Arial">'''Zadatak 2'''. Napravite grubi proračun za EES vršnog opterećenja od 10 MW, s rastom od 8%, instaliranih 4 Diesel bloka od 2 MW, 4 bloka od 1 MW, 3 bloka od 500 kW i 12 blokova od 250 kW, te 900 kW vjetroelektrana, dinamike gradnje da bi se zadovoljila potrebna rezerva (N-2 i 15%). Vodite se time da je jeftinija električna energija iz većih blokova, ali vam veći blokovi povećavaju rezervu, a nju treba minimizirati. Uputa: vjetroelektrane se uzimaju samo sa 4% snage kao</font>
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| | ====Slobodno tržište==== | | ====Slobodno tržište==== |
| | | | |
| | ====Otočni režim==== | | ====Otočni režim==== |